104 Wildland Firefighters Suffer Increasing Risk of Job-Related Death
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract Introduction Wildland firefighting is a niche specialization in the fire service - inherently dangerous with unique risks. Over the past decade, fatalities amongst all firefighters have decreased; however, wildland firefighter fatalities have increased. This subject has only been described in the grey literature, and a paucity of medical literature exists. With the recent wave of large-scale fire disasters across the US and Canada, the aim of this novel study is to analyze and better understand the trend of fatalities to eventually improve safety measures. Methods The United States Fire Administration’s online fatality database was queried for on duty mortality between 1990 and 2022. The year 2001 was excluded due to the 340 deaths that occurred on September 11th. Data collected included demographics, incident characteristics, and nature of fatality. The data was then compared between the decades using a Fisher’s exact test. Results From 1990-2000, there were 25 wildland fatalities out of 1,119 total firefighter fatalities, which increased to 75 wildland fatalities out of 1,190 total from 2002-2012. Between 2013-2022, there were 96 wildland fatalities out of 968, an increase from 2% to 10% of the total fatalities (p < 0.00001) from the first to last decade - a 500% relative increase. Despite the recent wave of 2023 wildfires across North America, the average annual number of wildfires has actually decreased 23% (from 79,829 to 61,377) between 1990-2000 and 2013-2022. Burn related fatalities have increased over time, from 9% of fatalities to 27% (p < 0.01), while trauma and motor vehicle crash fatalities have decreased significantly. MI accounted for 16% of total fatalities, with no significant change over time - however, number of years on the job was an independent risk factor for death from stress/exertion and MI, while age was not. Conclusions Although wildfires have become less common over the past decade, there was a 5-fold increase in wildland firefighter fatalities. Burn related fatalities have also increased over time. Total number of years on the job increases the risk of death, while age does not, suggesting the job itself creates the risk of death - either from catastrophic incident or from cumulative inflammation from stress or byproducts of combustion. Further investigation, including analysis of 2023 data, is required to augment development of health and safety measures for these heroes. Multidisciplinary collaboration is necessary to mitigate the inherent job-related risk in this unique population. Applicability of Research to Practice Burn centers are involved in caring for firefighters, thus must understand the relevant epidemiology and aid in risk mitigation for this population.
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Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,007 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,003 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».