Advantages and difficulties of ultrasound analysis to determine the fertile period in bitches
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Definition the fertile period is one of the most important factors contributing to fertilization. Therefore, this analysis is important to solve the problem of infertility. The methods that available today do not provide the expected result, because the vast majority of unsuccessful mating result are related to the incorrect determination of the ovulation period. Therefore, it is important to assess the condition of the ovaries, and the prospect is ultrasound examination, which is an effective method of monitoring the reproductive organs. Ultrasound analysis is a non-invasive and effective method to establish the fertile period in bitches which makes it possible to track changes in the ovaries, detect follicles, their number, and determine the true (morphological) signs of ovulation. Clinical-visual and hormonal studies which are based on the indirect determination of the optimal period of female insemination have the advantages in compare with vaginal cytology. Particularly, the use of ultrasound in real time allows to visualize the morphological changes of the ovaries and uterus – the irregular shape of the ovaries with large (0.6-1.2 cm) anechoic structures of a rounded or oval shape with a thin capsule, thickening of the endometrium (up to 0.5-0.8 cm) with a hypoechoic structure of the uterine horns. However, in our research we encountered certain difficulties, which turned out to be the same as other authors. Echography of the ovaries can seem a bit complicated, because the follicles that persist in them have a picture similar to that before and after ovulation. Some ovulated follicles do not always completely collapse (fall) during ovulation and are gradually replaced by luteal tissue while maintaining an echogenic picture on the days of the next ovulation. Non-ovulated follicles can complicate sonography interpretation. To diagnose ovulation, an ultrasound analysis should be performed twice a day, which is inconvenient for the owners. But if the ultrasound test is carried out less often than aforementioned number, there is a risk to miss the moment of ovulation, because the follicles before and after ovulation are very similar. An even more significant problem is the location of the ovaries in bitches – costovertebral angle surrounded by fat and an ovarian sac, which can create technical difficulties. In addition, this diagnostic approach may be more difficult in fat or very large dogs, as well as in dogs with thick skin (Shar Pei, Newfoundland).
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Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,002 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».