Evaluation of Water Quality of Coastal and Groundwater of the Eastern Black Sea Basin, Turkey, Using Multivariate Statistical Analysis and Water Quality Index
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
The eastern Black Sea Basin, which receives the most rainfall in Turkey and is rich in water resources, is covered with a dense forest cover. The basin is the most mountainous and elevated part of the Black Sea Region, stretching from the Terme Stream in the east of Samsun to the Georgian border. The basin, with a total area of 24,077 km2, provides 8% of Turkey’s potential with an average of 14.90 km3 surface water potential per year. Due to the height of the slope and the impermeable or semi-permeable layer of the subsurface, a significant part of the falling rain passes into the surface runoff. In the basin, where many small streams, large and small, emptied into the Black Sea independently of each other, the sub-basin boundaries were determined as water collection basins limited to the water section lines of these rivers. The data used in this study were measured results of well and spring water samples taken from 150 points by the State Hydraulic Works (DSI). Study data were obtained from the Eastern Black Sea Basin Hydrogeological Study Final Report. Measurements were made seasonally in 2020 and 2021. Measured parameters were electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, pH, temperature, salinity, NO3-N, NO3, NO2, NO2-N NH4, NH4-N, total phosphorus, total organic carbon, chloride, sulfate, bicarbonate, carbonate, fluoride, bromide, Ca, Mg, Na, K, cyanide, Cd, Pb, Hg, As, Cu, Zn, Ni, Se, Fe, Mo, Co, Ag, Mn, Sn, Cr. In order to evaluate the results, factor analysis and cluster analysis methods, which are multivariate statistical analysis methods, were used. At the same time, the evaluation was made using the water quality index method. In order to determine groundwater quality, sampling was carried out at 151 water points (92 wells, 59 springs) for four periods; anion-cation, heavy metals, aldehydes, phthalates, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, nitrogen compounds, pesticides, ketones, and phenols were analyzed. According to the chemical analysis results, the dominant cation in all sub-basins is Ca, and the dominant anion is HCO3. In terms of irrigation water, groundwater is generally in the “low salt, low sodium” water class. As a result of the analysis, the main parameters affecting the basin were determined. The most important parameters and factors affecting the basin were determined by factor analysis. Factors were grouped by cluster analysis. The Canadian Water Quality Index method was used for the calculation of the water quality index. The reason why it is preferred to use this index is that it can be applied to the regulations of the countries. By using the water quality index, the pollution level of water can be evaluated as poor, medium, bad, and very poor quality water. Indices are preferred in the evaluation of water pollution because they are understandable, especially for decision makers in the water field.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,005 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,002 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».