Abstracts of the WASP Asia Pacific Hybrid Congress 2021

PLENARY SESSION PLENARY I: VINCENZO DI NICOLA (CANADA) THE GURŪ–CHELĀ RELATIONSHIP REVISITED: A REVIEW OF THE WORK OF AN INDIAN PSYCHIATRIST JASWANT SINGH NEKI Vincenzo Di Nicola University of Montreal, Canada E-mail: [email protected] Abstract In a series of original and pathbreaking publications, Jaswant Singh Neki (1925–2015), a leading Indian Sikh scholar and psychiatrist (Wikipedia contributors, 2021), proposed the gurū–chelā (master–disciple) relationship to create a new paradigm for the therapeutic relationship, employing an accessible cultural idiom that Indian patients could understand and identify with Neki, 1973, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1978, and 1992. Contrasting his new Indian paradigm with the Western patient–therapist relationship, Neki explored both similarities and sharp contrasts between Western and Indian cultures. Neki argued (1974) that “both are voluntary associations wherein a master enables a change seeker to dispel ignorance and the effects of undesirable social conditioning.” Using ideas adapted from Raymond Prince, one of the founders of Social and Cultural Psychiatry at McGill University, the author identifies the “I-centered assumptions” behind Western-based psychotherapy: based on the individual as the focus of therapy, using introspection and insight as key therapeutic methods, with personal independence as the goal of therapy (Di Nicola, 1985a, 1985b, and 1997). The gurū–chelā relationship, by contrast, “encourages permanent dependency, since the guru assumes total responsibility for leading the chela toward self-mastery through the disciplines of persistence and silence,” and would be “most suited to cultures valuing self-discipline rather than self-expression, and creative harmony between individual and society” (Neki, 1974; emphasis added). The author will take stock of the impact of Neki's paradigm in India (Carstairs, 1980; Parkar, et al., 2001; and Sethi and Chaturvedi, 1985), in the Indian diaspora (Shridhar, 2008), and in Western (Di Nicola, 1985a, 1985b, and 1997) psychiatric and psychotherapeutic cultures, concluding with a synthesis of Neki's gurū–chelā paradigm with contemporary trends in psychotherapy, psychiatry, and psychoanalysis. PLENARY II: AFZAL JAVED (UK) FINANCIAL EMPOWERMENT OF MENTALLY ILL: FUTURE PERSPECTIVE AND AN EXPERIENCE FROM A DEVELOPING COUNTRY Afzal Javed1,2,3 1Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, 2Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, England, UK, 3Pakistan Psychiatric Research Centre, Lahore, Pakistan E-mail: [email protected] Abstract According to the WHO and World Bank, mental health issues impose an enormous disease burden on societies across the world. Despite its huge social burden, mental disorders continue to be driven into the shadows by stigma, prejudice, and fear along with financial issues. Outcome in most of the mental illnesses is often conceptualized in terms of remission, recovery, and relapse. An adequate definition of recovery has long been elusive, with very different definitions occurring in the scientific and patient's perspectives. However, importance of social functioning, financial autonomy, and reintegration into community highlights recovery as a process toward achieving, among other things, empowerment, hope, and respect. The consequences of poor financial mental health are found in data related to both morbidity and mortality. Financial empowerment is also a part of strengthening the families. It not only refers to a state wherein the individuals experience feelings of being worthy and competent but also having power and control. Financial mental health, therefore, is considered a construct in its own right, because the impacts are great. It acknowledges that socioeconomic status and mental health are interdependent. This does not imply, however, that wealth is a protector from mental illnesses or that poverty ensures it. Rather, the construct recognizes the interplay between those factors, which often are managed in silos, and the notion of financial mental health can be used to inform resiliency-building behaviors and identify gaps in institutional approaches to supportive services. This presentation will highlight the importance of empowerment and financial autonomy for improving the social functioning of mentally ill. The paper will also describe an innovative program that is being practiced in Pakistan. Based on the concepts of microfinance, this project has provided a new direction for a successful and sustained recovery process while improving social and financial aspects of day-to-day life of patients attending this psychosocial rehabilitation program in Lahore, Pakistan. The presentation will also give a brief account of this program, its relevance, application, and appropriateness for developing better services for patients with long-term needs. PLENARY III: ELIOT SOREL (USA) COVID-19: PANDEMIC, SYNDEMIC, ENDEMIC ASPECTS AND SOCIAL CONTRACT CHALLENGES Eliot Sorel School of Medicine and School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington DC, USA E-mail: [email protected] Abstract This autumn 2021 will be 2 years since the COVID-19 pandemic erupted in Wuhan, China. It has rapidly engulfed the whole world. Its exact origins remain unresolved. The World Health Organization has now established a working group to address these high-priority public health issues of the pandemic's origins so that we can more effectively deal with it now and also to be better prepared for the next pandemic when that occurs. The COVID-19 pandemic has caused 212 million infections and nearly 5 million deaths worldwide with no end in sight. It has markedly impacted countries' economies, across, low, middle, and high income, and has greatly undermined health and educational systems. The convergence of this pandemic with multiple, comorbid noncommunicable diseases and with rapidly evolving change is a in It is rapidly with consequences for and as for the of the of the and A In the of this the of is a of this The of in those the the for and to be a a of these more of will be and we are to from a pandemic to an in this the World Health innovative project on with across The author the COVID-19 public health and its of to in the of social the we for and on and for PLENARY SOCIAL THE CHALLENGES FROM A of University of E-mail: [email protected] Abstract from the notion that as a through and this paper an to the of the of in the and of and in other of the world. This both to scientific and of psychiatry, that as a or of with in cultures that to be considered in the process of and This that a between and of The by psychiatry, and through in and can be the of the of health, a the of social The by of and are a that the are not only but as SOCIAL THE England, E-mail: [email protected] Abstract approaches to the of with mental health psychiatry, in However, it has been to and that the is and that to and can in an a of The of the the importance of community and and that we the of in more than The World of Social Psychiatry has a leading to in the of social approaches to mental health This a World of Social Psychiatry that to a group of mental health and to other and in social SOCIAL THE of of Medical and Research, India E-mail: [email protected] Abstract India is a with a huge high mental burden, and a with and related to mental health this social psychiatric from the and The focus has been on mental health with health stigma, to of and recovery and social is being explored to these been is a long to SOCIAL THE of Medical University, Abstract to the disease most of the through been on the The behind with The of has also a impact on the other than in with are to with of of is the of the of Social and Social which is by and since from in this The of that considered a is now is a data that the of by the and is rapidly developing in the In the of this to and of most of the would by been However, the of the across and the of the of the the to the has been In this and of will be PLENARY (UK) OF COVID-19: of and England, E-mail: [email protected] Abstract health consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic in the in the and among mental with that mental health services could be these been In this will a of and the mental health impact of the pandemic in the between and of the is based on a that has been for years that data from the PLENARY AND for E-mail: [email protected] Abstract The burden of diseases of mental disorders is one of the in the in and The is in than in other for and are not when it to not to in when are the only health and it focus also on to those in In are it could be to on to and not to when a mental in a of the the in and other A brief will be of the project in in and which by the for PLENARY SINGH (UK) Singh University of Warwick, England, E-mail: [email protected] Abstract in services has been as the most in mental health services since the of community the of now in and in of the has been by and of has in since the of as part of in the Health the paradigm of into the and for in the community has the and of new which in a and has also therapeutic both among and with being for with as one that has could not on its This will the of the and of in England, and Canada and describe the different of the and the of for of the of and new for and will also that the of can be to other mental disorders and be in as and PLENARY PLENARY AND India E-mail: [email protected] Abstract is the of more than one is to rapidly in and noncommunicable diseases and mental impacts of life and recovery in both the health and to In this we the of the and with focus on by of is in the of can be provided in the in to personal recovery be in the of services and in this and to be adapted and for in PLENARY THE A of of Medical India E-mail: [email protected] Abstract has the at the focus has been on the health of and and very focus on mental health and The disease has caused psychosocial impact by burden, and financial on a as and in the been among COVID-19 disease and in patients will therefore, be and adapted as COVID-19 which in India an public health in the of COVID-19 since India more than new on COVID-19 could a of However, India has that by strengthening of and for individuals from to the of The in India and between India and the This and the pandemic has been control. for the whole are being this is to be a The pandemic and the a paradigm from to one that is the among the in of stigma, and social as the for better the of toward the of for health, and social A will be and across the world. This is when we are a PLENARY FROM of Psychiatry and Centre, India of Medical India E-mail: [email protected] Abstract India is one of the of the and has a cultural Indian and and and which to years are a of of of which to the of in contemporary the Indian of with to the has also mental and and has of and with and the of in a one of the with origins in also of and with and is of the India and has been found to be in of has also been an in mental health and of a of of to as and of with or mental health issues which in the contemporary The of and as in the Indian also in with of the mental health issues the COVID-19 Health Research and of University of E-mail: [email protected] Abstract The mental health in and is on to an of in This can be for by found in health poor and financial of stigma, poor and and cultural mental and and to the and toward mental health for in and other to the of change for community mental of community and can be through the process of to the of change for the of mental health services. The are and mental health and and psychiatric social and mental health systems. This in other and for mental health and and at the of and at the of other Social social health of and the impact of and the and and community and key community and community of cultural and to data to inform and and with and families. 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THE OF A AND THE OF AND Vincenzo Di Nicola, Abstract the of the in Social Psychiatry the which is by the World of Social Psychiatry of will address both proposed by the in Psychiatry and Health and and in improving the recovery of with the COVID-19 pandemic THE A on E-mail: [email protected] Abstract health is now to more the and of the from the of of the and the can be different from those by a a new paradigm has been in since based on the of Health also by this as a new into mental health with a focus on the and the to and since with one of these as a and of a in a In this will the of this Health and with his of the will the different in which as a of In this new paradigm a as a new of recovery could be a of hope, empowerment in patients and with the of better social and OF AND et 2 et on E-mail: protected] Abstract of with by The program by a of 2 the of patients the end of the of the program to to with and a to in the program this in related to better The program is of an of on a by a of 2 at and the patient's to and insight and or not a A is by no to and and a by the focus on these patients with The of patients to the at the and The of the is However, patients not the program, and no the program among patients with poor would the other the more in patients than in patients is this does not the in effectively in a but can be is SOCIAL FROM SOCIAL Vincenzo Di Nicola, Eliot Sorel E-mail: [email protected] Abstract This of Social Psychiatry highlights the social psychiatric The and and and and and and psychiatric with from in to in we in the health and mental health of an of health and into account and for social SOCIAL AND of India E-mail: [email protected] Abstract In the the in to mental health in has and to to the and the of issues to mental This has to the in services with in of the COVID-19 pandemic This has to both the patients as as the mental health been the to with the of individuals or mental health issues. as social and across the India been a huge of to and to of mental of the with these is that these are not an to for as poor high poor and and of the The services are with and as a the issues related to mental health are not being that we and to these will be the with the of mental health program and by not for The program and is for the in improving the of mental services to at the of or mental in This program is its services since its and to its by of the with or mental health and to mental health in India E-mail: [email protected] Abstract is the only to the caused by be to and the from among or to approaches to the to from the of and using used approaches for are and This to and for different along with public health and The of and of along with will also be THE OF AND OF of India E-mail: [email protected] Abstract as of been of to the it is very to highlight the and long-term psychosocial impact of on those and those and to The impact of in the of or that are in and been proposed to COVID-19 and has also that the relationship between COVID-19 and mental is The effects be by socioeconomic as financial or for the of of the impact and psychosocial to be based the of the has been based the proposed by However, the and related to is as the individuals a to could no to this has been by The will to give an on the understand a is at the of with of the A has been prepared from the of and of its at will be and will be and an will be THE AND SOCIAL University of Medical USA E-mail: [email protected] Abstract The relationship of and mental health is at the of and social This has an for social to and the and this relationship as it to the to and the than which is leading to disease and mortality. The pandemic and the importance of and The not only but also this it has also a for mental The in this to the importance of social and in a will from his with the will his health, a of as This will and social to while and with patients and families. and will and as and in evolving to the of and in and improving functioning both in and This data can also to mental health and social functioning for will also an to and with while for and for psychiatric and in the and this to the experience in the end of this we that social can continue to in the of and in the of and and its relationship to mental to and for social in and for and A OF AND AND ASPECTS OF University, India E-mail: [email protected] Abstract are and not personal and are not to and are not to in a and and for his are not to and for the not and for the and It is that to from the In the it is that the of the and a are and and burden on A of are with which is is a for this it is in and psychosocial aspects and to The will be in the is one of the most social with but it is in its The of is a of a of factors, as to toward social is not a to income, mental toward and The of of is for to the of from the is the of to a often a of with or no of the psychosocial of in the and will at AND CHALLENGES of University of Medical and India E-mail: [email protected] Abstract of pandemic to of but of in It to to in part of as those or to It to a could In this we would to the experience of this to different of and in the of developing Social of the services at patients from mental and and in the of services services for of University of Medical with not only rather of and of mental health from fear of the to mental disorders as of mental health et services for patients in a and of Psychiatry The of as part of COVID-19 by and of in patients from COVID-19 psychiatric on to services for and of Medical working in the of services to of personal and of to and for services in to a of but in and by the of India in services to the and of the of for of services a of and of at the of the the The services which to be to services to be in to the other as can the of services to the to at THE OF Western University, Medical Health of Medical of of Health, Psychiatry Health University of of and University of Canada E-mail: [email protected] Abstract The in the in are that COVID-19 pandemic has to or in we are to the and long-term mental health effects of the across the when high in and this will be on a will the of and will that while is often of as a mental health the leading to and to in these are often more related to social issues than to individual health or mental This will the importance of and these as health to individuals to through will a of are by in the the and has been among The pandemic has and new for and will approaches to this group of will we in the of a The which can to as social financial and for and of psychiatric of and will be FROM Medical India E-mail: [email protected] Abstract mental health has a impact on and morbidity as as mortality. However, in it is practiced as of than being in and This of mental health and innovative to address in mental health and public health approaches from Medical India This will the of different mental health and health and health in different mental health across Medical India Despite huge burden of mental health a This will focus on innovative by from to for in a for Indian Medical India This will focus on in India as a for in the Health It is a for and of by mental health from of University, This will focus on impact of pandemic on mental health in and of World Health on mental health in India E-mail: [email protected] Abstract both and in a to with it give to and A of of has been This not only health but also has impact on and is as and and health of and that are the of rather than and of more to the impact on in a more However, in and the to address and are of and adequate the psychosocial as social or and of a and to can be considered to be to in Indian a of and psychosocial is of to for and psychosocial that to better and will it is different from impact on and 2 will the of different and to and psychosocial to will the and of to and address based on the psychosocial AND Vincenzo Di Nicola Medical School of University, USA E-mail: [email protected] Abstract of the million and of the million an by and and and in psychosocial and health for and and of and for and of deaths take in and at in 5 or are to and high of and and than of has been with nearly of in of found that and by and a of social cultural of and in by in in found with fear of of for and with and and and and and to to health for of or be to the and the Di Nicola and and a more and that the empowerment of and OF COVID-19 AND Medical School of University, USA E-mail: [email protected] Abstract The pandemic has the to disorders and consequences of and with an in psychosocial consequences in and of the disorders are illnesses of life and pandemic fear social and and are are by the of for and other This to experience and social are to the of and individual the while having to for other in the and from In million with of with are financial social and health of or no health of educational and mental In with an and of more health in the and to and of mental as and is that is a for those in group with experience at are and in individuals with COVID-19 Singh India E-mail: [email protected] Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has the to its a with no and The on patients and social and the effects of to psychiatric as and that to and and which is with of with mental illnesses are at a of infections because of a of factors, as a and functioning, and personal The and social can the of and for these The when these patients COVID-19 and for from and through the of personal patients at for of mental health and with provided as on a for The experience of COVID-19 to the of the patients managed COVID-19 The at and and for mental in a COVID-19 will be AND AN COVID-19 India E-mail: [email protected] Abstract COVID-19 as a pandemic and in India on by a voluntary The by and a the This whole for patients with mental health mental health services at and and mental health of the mental health from the to the patients in with the to attending to the of the patients and community on a A of at of Health to into the mental health services in of these issues as as to services in with the of The of the on the patients to patients and by community not on public through and of importance in of health and used as for public and in with services in the and patients to this for for for of The importance of and with and patients through group to understand more health and will focus on mental health issues in patients and to the patients and the and the of so that more will also be will be in of the is we to in community in a more mental health and and community AND CHALLENGES of Health, University of Health India E-mail: [email protected] Abstract that focus on related to mental illnesses psychiatric is a and to mental health in psychiatric rehabilitation is an this we to focus and of psychiatric rehabilitation in disorders and The Indian are not of of mental disorders and leading to The has mental health in

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