Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Reviewed by: The French Resistance and Its Legacy by Rod Kedward Robert Gildea Kedward, Rod – The French Resistance and Its Legacy. London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2022. 148 p. For 50 years Rod Kedward has dominated the study of the French Resistance in Britain and has been rightly honoured in France. This work, which he has published at the age of 85, is a think piece about his career working on the Resistance and offers wonderful insights into his contribution to a field that has changed significantly over time. When Kedward went to France to begin interviewing former resisters in 1969, he was confronted by two embedded discourses of heroism: the Gaullist and the Communist. Marcel Ophuls's Le Chagrin et la Pitié, just released but banned from television for another 10 years, told another story of resisters as oddballs, mavericks, and eccentrics. Kedward cut through these stereotypes with a grassroots approach that gave a voice to resisters, most of whom were ordinary people who wanted to "faire quelque chose" (p. 20). At this point, oral history was still a fledgling approach; the Oral History Society was founded in 1973. However, in the 1970s, the French archives for this period were still closed and Kedward's Resistance in Vichy France (1978) drew on resistance literature and his own interviews. By the time he wrote his second book, In Search of the Maquis (1993), archival material was available, but he still did interviews. He had to confront French historians who expressed scepticism about the reliability of testimony and blocked oral history with the stock response that "memory does not constitute history" (p. 36). Elegantly, Kedward includes extracts from his interviews as a coda to most of the chapters of this book. Avoiding Paris and criss-crossing southern France, Kedward emphasized from the start the importance of context, of time and place. His chapter on "The Specificity of Place" takes the case of Georges Guingouin, the village schoolteacher who [End Page 209] organized the maquis in the Limousin, using and building on its regional identity, not least the history of the "Red Spring" of 1905 in Limoges when the porcelain workers went on strike. Kedward links place to the role of myth and memory in mobilizing resistance. He famously argued that resistance in the Cévennes harked back to the myth of the Camisard revolt against Louis XIV's repression of Protestants, while resistance in the Pyrenean department of the Aude draw on the story of the Cathar heretics. In 1979, Kedward interviewed the Aubracs in their Paris flat. He was now coming to recognize the importance of women in the Resistance. They had remained at the margins because of the macho discourse of resistance and their own modesty, but he realized that they were key to the networking of resistance, acting as liaison agents, mending contacts that had been broken by arrests, "the woman at the door" observing the street and sending Germans the wrong way. He quotes Special Operations Executive (SOE) agent Francis Cammaerts, interviewed in 1991, who said "Without the women there could have been no Resistance" (p. 106). His recounts the betrayal he felt in 1997 when a tribunal of historians effectively put the Aubracs on trial, implying that they had made their stories up and may had a responsibility for the arrest of Jean Moulin. It was an ugly settling of accounts by Daniel Cordier and his allies, seeking to dethrone the Aubracs as Top Resisters and not without a dose of misogyny. In 2004, Kedward was very quickly onto the significance of the discovery of the writings of the Russian Jewish exile Irène Némirowsky, who had been deported from her hiding place in Burgundy to Auschwitz in 1942. When they were published as Suite française, there was much debate as to whether they were fact or fiction. Kedward, who championed Némirowsky, did not think that this was the most interesting question. The Resistance, he recalls here, was a "theatre of dissimulation" (p. 118). Resisters took false identities, made up cover stories, were inspired by fictional characters. Le Silence de la mer, published clandestinely in 1942 by Jean Bruller under the pseudonym Vercors, was...
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,002 | 0,005 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,002 | 0,001 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,003 | 0,005 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,004 | 0,003 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,003 | 0,003 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,008 | 0,003 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».