Participation in Elite Sport in Youth and Its Impact on Lifelong Bone Health
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Weight-bearing physical activity is considered beneficial to bone health throughout the course of life, with the most marked benefits for bone health often considered to be high levels of activity around the time of peak bone mass (PBM) acquisition. To date, the research focus has been on the benefits of recreational weight-bearing sporting activity. Participation in elite sport is associated with enhanced sporting activity but is often also associated with low body weight, menstrual disturbance in females, and rest periods following injury. The benefit of sporting activity may, therefore, be attenuated in these groups. Here, we undertook a systematic review to consider what evidence is available regarding whether elite sporting activity in young adulthood has lasting benefits for bone health. Studies of retired athletes aged >50 years, who participated in elite sport from 15 to 30 years, were considered for inclusion. Elite sport was defined as participation at the national level or above. Following protocol development, the search strategy was applied to PubMed, Medline, Embase, and Web of Science. The selection was managed with Rayyan software, and the bias was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa scale. Two reviewers independently identified papers; a third adjudicated and screened the final selection for consideration. The protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021293644). Two reviewers screened 951 articles, of which 4 papers met the inclusion criteria. One paper reported findings in women and three in men; no paper included both sexes. The sample sizes varied from 24 to 193 and considered football, endurance running, weightlifting, and swimming. Bone density was measured at the femoral neck, trochanter, and lumbar spine. All studies reported higher density in former athletes than non-elite controls, though the information available regarding confounding lifestyle factors was variable. A meta-analysis was not possible as studies were too heterogenous. In conclusion, from the limited available evidence, our study suggests elite sporting activity in young adulthood may have lasting benefits for bone health. However, given the paucity of available data, we highlight an urgent need for future research, especially in female athletes.
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Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».