Optimization of a Closed-Loop Geothermal System Under Different Operational Conditions
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract Geothermal energy represents a promising source of power with the potential to significantly contribute to global energy needs. Closed-loop geothermal system is a technology designed to maximize extraction of energy from a geothermal resource while minimizing environmental impact. The closed-loop configuration circulates a heat exchange fluid through an isolated wellbore within the underground geothermal reservoir. Different reservoir conditions, wellbore configurations and operational conditions introduce unique challenges and opportunities for harnessing this vast energy resource efficiently. The objective of this work is to simulate and evaluate the geothermal energy potential of a closed-loop geothermal system under different operational conditions. The study focuses on a horizontal well with varied conditions such as reservoir temperature gradient, reservoir thermal conductivity, tubing thermal properties and operational conditions. The proposed well configuration is modeled using a mechanistic transient wellbore tool coupled to a numerical reservoir simulator to assess the circulation of water through the annulus-tubing coaxial loop. The process efficiency is evaluated through analysis of maximum attainable flow rates, temperature, net enthalpy, as well as the net thermal power. Once the ideal configuration has been determined, further optimization is carried out to determine optimal condition through different operational conditions. Simulations are performed involving varied injection rates, injection temperatures, maximum wellhead injection pressures, tubing insulation length, and tubing dimensions to identify the most efficient case on generating highest net thermal power. The findings suggest that the efficiency of a closed-loop geothermal system depends on several variables, including the reservoir's temperature gradient, thermal conductivity of the reservoir rock, and wellbore as well as operational conditions such as injection temperature, maximum wellhead injection pressure, and completion design (insulation extension to the horizontal section and wellbore length). The process has found to be more efficient in reservoirs with a high temperature gradient and thermal conductivity particularly when employing lower injection temperatures. Moreover, increasing wellbore length (contact area) could further enhance the thermal efficiency by improving the conduction mechanism. Further optimization of completion design reveals that circulating a greater volume of water can be achieved through a larger tubing and higher injection pressure, but with only a slight increase in net thermal power. Overall, the identified factors influencing efficiency, such as reservoir temperature gradient, reservoir thermal conductivity, wellbore contact area, and injection temperature have found to be the most impactful parameters on the optimal operation of a closed-loop geothermal system. The outcomes of this research provide valuable insights into the optimal design and operation of closed-loop geothermal systems under different reservoir and operational conditions. The knowledge gained from this study has the potential to enhance the sustainable utilization of geothermal energy.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,003 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».