Examining Potential Biomarkers for Depression Diagnosis: A Literature Review
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Introduction: Biomarkers in depression show potential in providing insight into the pathophysiology of the disorder and subsequent treatment plans. Within research, there have been many prospective biomarkers such as endocrine markers, epigenetics, inflammatory markers, cytokines, neuroimaging, growth factors, and more. Based on recent studies, we propose three promising biomarkers associated with diagnosing major depressive disorder (MDD): growth factors, endocrine markers, and neuroimaging. Methods: Literature searches were performed using databases PsychINFO, PubMed, and Scopus, and a total of seventeen articles were used. Results: Physical changes in brain volume and thickness of specific brain regions have been associated with the occurrence of MDD such as reduced hippocampal volume in depressed patients along with thinning of the right para-hippocampus. Additionally, progressive cortical thickening in the left inferior central and pre-frontal gyrus has been observed in patients developing MDD. Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a growth factor, could be a potential biomarker for diagnosing MDD as BDNF plays an important role in neuronal development, neuronal survival, and regulating neurotransmitter systems. Depressed individuals exhibit decreased BDNF levels, specifically in the hippocampus and prefrontal lobes. Three hormones that have been of primary interest related to MDD biomarkers include cortisol, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), and prolactin. These hormones are involved in the diathesis-stress response mediated by the activation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Elevated levels of these hormones were observed in depressive patients. Discussion: Following an in-depth analysis of neuroimaging, BDNF, and hormones, differences between MDD patients and control groups were observed. Cortical thickness, functional connectivity, and brain activity (blood flow) alterations were all reported in neuroimaging studies. Mainly, decreases in BDNF levels and alterations of hormones were all observed. Each biomarker requires further investigation and limitations that must be considered. Conclusion: Overall, the literature review on prospective MDD biomarkers suggests abnormalities in BDNF, cortisol, TSH, and prolactin levels in MDD patients. Structural brain differences were also observed through neuroimaging. Ultimately, studying biomarkers would allow us to better visualize how depression affects the body, allowing for the development of diverse diagnostic and treatment courses.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,020 | 0,004 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,005 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,005 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,006 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».