Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Since the first edition appeared, there have been several exciting new research discoveries to share, and a few interesting changes to whisky regulation.Another motivation for this second edition is that there are topics of historic and scientific interest that intentionally weren't covered in the first edition.I needed more time to do them justice, and now I've had some.There are also mistakes needing correction, and some places where the exposition was confusing.Some of these were pointed out by attentive readers, notably whisky scholar Tsung-Chi Yu, and I'm grateful for that helpful feedback.In 2018, Professor Michael Toney and I developed a new lab course, Chemical and Engineering Principles in Whisky and Fuel Alcohol Production, for undergraduates in chemistry and chemical engineering.We've drawn on material from this book for lectures, examples, supplemental reading, and answering student queries.Putting the book through its paces in this way also exposed some opportunities for improvement.This edition expands on the first in many substantial ways.The history of whisky now embraces Ireland and Canada.The presentation of Maillard chemistry, which touches on several stages of production, is greatly expanded.The interplay between nitrogen in the mash and sulfur in the spirit, and the remedy of sour mash, is clarified.The role of copper is corrected, and the probable mechanisms of its action are given new emphasis.The quantitative analysis of distillation processes now includes triple distillation and hybrid pot-column distillation.Probable mechanisms of oxidation are also described.There is new material in every chapter, supported by over 350 new citations.My favorite addition, although admittedly rather deep in the weeds, is a new analysis of an accessory to Alexander Hamilton's choice, in 1791, for America's first whisky gauging instrument: Dicas' slide rule.The effort expended in researching a topic often has no relation to the number of words that end up on the page.A great example of this principle is the story of the Honorable Alphonso Taft in relation to a dispute with the Japanese government in 1869, a story which has been repeated many times in the popular whisky literature since it appeared in a 2013 book about bourbon.If the story could be verified with a primary citation, e.g., a court record, or a contemporary newspaper account, it would have been a nice addition to Chap. 1.In the attempt to find corroborating v vi Preface to the Second Edition records, hundreds of hours of effort were expended by dozens of people around the world.I am particularly grateful for the truly heroic sleuthing of Hamilton County Central Services Division Manager Jason Alexander, who led the investigation.The Hamilton County Court records would have been the official repository of Judge Alphonso Taft's story, if the event occurred, and had Cincinnati not burned in 1884.The popular authors were all contacted, but none provided a verifiable reference.Several modern writers have relied on the archives of the Filson Historical Society (Louisville, KY), and Filson researcher Jennie Cole also aided our search and shared numerous scans of historic documents.In the end, we did discover a whisky ruling by Taft, and a whisky dispute with the Japanese government, but neither of these occurred in 1869.They appear together in a newspaper record (Louisville Courier Journal, May 9, 1909, p. 11) unearthed in the Filson's Taylor-Hay archive, but are otherwise distinct.If something of the kind occurred in 1869, we were unable to discover proof of it.Many thanks for the hard work of everyone who contributed to this global effort.I am grateful for the help of many diverse experts.I learned a lot about warehouse operations from Ian Rich of Springbank.His expertise should have been acknowledged in the first edition and I regret the oversight.Carol Forrester
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,012 | 0,004 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; les deux têtes enseignantes s’accordent sur ce qui est montré ici.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».