Application of neuromuscular electrical stimulation during immobilization of extremities for musculoskeletal conditions: A scoping review
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
BACKGROUND: Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is effective at improving recovery after periods of disuse. It is unclear if NMES can be applied during periods of immobilization for musculoskeletal conditions to mitigate resulting impairments from disuse. The aim of this scoping review is to describe the state of the literature applying NMES during immobilization to treat upper and lower extremity musculoskeletal conditions. METHODS: A literature search was conducted in October 2023 combining keywords related to "neuromuscular electrical stimulation", "musculoskeletal", and "immobilization" in Pubmed, Scopus, CINAHL, and Proquest Dissertations and Thesis with an English filter. Articles were included if an upper or lower extremity was immobilized during the NMES application and NMES was applied with surface electrodes. Articles were excluded if NMES was applied outside of the immobilization period, participants had a neurological condition that could impair neuromotor pathways, and/or electrical stimulation was applied invasively. Data extracted included study design, sample characteristics, immobilization protocol, intervention, stimulation parameters, outcome measures, and results. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Tools for Cohort Studies was used to assess quality for all included studies. RESULTS: Six studies with 127 participants were included. The musculoskeletal conditions addressed were anterior cruciate ligament repair and tibia fracture. Immobilization procedures maintain knee flexion between 10 and 45° for four to six weeks. NMES was applied through holes cut in the casts. NMES duration ranged from 40 minutes to 8 hours a day with an alternating current ramping up over 0.4 to 4 seconds (s), the contraction duration between two and 20 s, and rest times between five and 50 s. NMES application improved quadriceps atrophy and strength outcomes in four studies. DISCUSSION: The body of literature is limited to two patient populations, only a small sample of cohort studies, physiological outcomes, and all studies were published before 1989. The models used in these studies are outdated, so new models (i.e. distal radius fracture) are proposed to investigate NMES application during immobilization in musculoskeletal populations. This study highlights a substantial gap in the literature and that further investigation into NMES application during immobilization for musculoskeletal conditions is warranted.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».