Fatigue and restoration of bituminous mixtures during cyclic loading and rest
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
This PhD research is within the framework of the work of RILEM (The International Union of Laboratories and Experts in Construction Materials, Systems and Structures) Technical Committee (TC) 278-CHA: Crack-Healing of Asphalt Pavement Materials. The objectives of this study entail firstly, the analysis of DSR test data to evaluate damage and recovery of bituminous binders with data obtained from Politecnico di Torino, Italy and University of Waterloo, Canada. Secondly, the development of ENTPE (Ecole Nationale des Travaux Publics de l’Etat) laboratory test procedure to analyze and evaluate damage and recovery of bituminous mixtures. The Université Gustave Eiffel (France) provided the required bitumen and bituminous mixtures. The study focused on performing repetitive loading and rest tests on binders and mixtures in order characterize damage and recovery of material properties. To successfully undertake this task, different test protocols and analysis methods were carried out on binders and mixtures, with the primary goal to differentiate restoration and reversible phenomena. All the rheological measurements carried by the two laboratories (Politecnico di Torino, Italy and University of Waterloo, Canada) were performed by means of a DSR from Anton Paar Inc. (Physica MCR 301 and MCR 102 respectively), using an 8-mm parallel plates geometry with a 2-mm gap. The tests performed in this experimental campaign were carried out in strain-control mode. The test involved using the linear amplitude sweep (LAS) test under various loading and rest period durations to effectively determined the recovery behaviour of binder. Therefore, different recovery protocols based on the LAS test were carried out to evaluate the recovery behaviour of the binders. From the result on the binder, Different phenomena occurring during loading and rest were either reversible and not reversible. Therefore, the test protocol does not allow identifying and estimating different phenomena.A test protocol developed at ENTPE was further improved and carried out on bituminous mixtures. The test procedure is composed of two parts in strain-controlled tension/compression mode on cylindrical samples. In the first part, short complex modulus tests (200 cycles at 10 Hz) at temperatures ranging from 8°C to 14°C and strain amplitudes ranging from 50 to 110µm/m are used to examine the dependency of the mechanical characteristics on strain amplitude and temperature. The aim of the CMT is basically to characterize the linear viscoelastic (LVE) behaviour of the studied bituminous mixtures at undamaged condition. In the second part, five partial fatigue tests (at 10°C) are carried out (each consisting of 100,000 cycles at a 100µm/m strain amplitude and frequency 10 Hz). Each fatigue lag is followed by a 48-hour rest period which consist of short complex modulus tests (100 cycles at 10 Hz) done at predetermined intervals to track the recovery of mechanical parameters. All the two parts of the tests carried out on the mixtures tested. From the results from mixtures, restoration and unrecovered variations of LVE properties during rest after fatigue loading were successfully isolated, with over 80% of the observed variation of 3D mechanical properties (E* and ѵ*) during cyclic loading is recovered after 48 hours of rest.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».