Soft and Flexible Photoplethysmography Based On Supercoiled Polymer Waveguides
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Present optical methods developed for non-invasive blood flow measurement can be impaired in some circumstances due to changes in reflection and absorption of the surface of the body tissue.Those problems caused the re-introduction of the antique volume clamp and similar blood flow-restricting mechanical methods for blood flow measurement.Also, the present optical method used for the blood flow measurements requires a separate optical source or emitter, a sensitive optical receiver and sometimes complicated processing [1].Here we present the alternative optical blood flow detection and measurement method based on the Super Coiled Polymer (SCP) waveguide and its multifunctional capabilities to be used as an emitter of light, sensor of the vibrations and receiver of the scattered and reflected light.This method could potentially combine the benefits of both optical and mechanical methods [2].Here, we present a new method for detecting pulsatile blood flow that combines Photo Plethysmography (PPG) and Tonometry.The SCP optical waveguide in this application is used as an emitter, receiver and pressure-sensing element.Tests have proven that this system can detect changes in the intensity of the scattered light through the human tissue caused by the blood's absorption of red and near-infrared light [3].This system can correlate to the PPG and Diffuse Speckle Pulsatile Flowmetry (DSPF) systems [4].Laboratory tests have proven that the SCP sensor is susceptible to vibrations, therefore it can detect pulsation of the peripheral arteries which can be correlated to the mechanical method of pulsatile flow detection without the standard restriction of the blood flow used in the volume clamp method.Tests have proved that this system's PPG and Tonometry complement each other.Micro pressure on the sensor caused by increased blood flow causes subtle changes in the geometry of the supercoil that affect transmission through the waveguide and the amount of scattered light that the supercoil receives from the tissue.The combination of PPG and Tonometry methods can address all the challenges faced when used separately.The cheap and abundant fluorocarbon fishing line is used to produce an elastic SCP sensor that combined with a laser source and photo power meter replaces the LED-emitting light source and a photodiode for PPG method measurements and pressure sensor, pump, valve and the micro-controllers for the volume clamp method measurements.The pressure sensitivity of the sensor addresses the light scattering and transmission problems that the PPG method faces, such as different melanin levels in the skin, tattoos and nail polish.The stretchability and high sensitivity of the SCP sensor in combination with the non-contact optical sensing capabilities address problems associated with the contact methods, such as restriction of the blood flow and use on the injured or burned tissues.Further, our test proves that a similar SCP-based sensor can achieve non-contact detection of air bubbles in the return branch of haemodialysis systems.
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Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».