Buoyancy-Enhanced Membrane Filtration for Oilfield Produced Water Recycle and Reuse
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract Membranes have been used in water treatment for decades and are highly effective industrial wastewater treatment solutions. Despite being a trusted form of filtration, membrane treatment is characterized by high energy consumption, membrane fouling, and excessive maintenance requirements that make membrane treatment systems expensive to own and operate. The high tendency for fouling has also restricted the application of membranes in industrial wastewaters and oilfield produced waters that typically have a significant presence of both solids, oil and grease. A proprietary process known as buoyancy-enhanced membrane filtration ("BEMF") has been developed to drastically decrease the energy consumption, fouling, and maintenance of conventional polymeric tubular membranes in difficult wastewater applications. The hydraulic manipulations implemented in the BEMF process also enable the conventional membranes to operate at 3x–6x the flux rates of a conventional process design, thus reducing equipment size requirements for most applications. This BEMF process achieves increased flux rates with decreased energy, fouling, and maintenance costs by applying a proprietary two-step hydraulic manipulation of produced water within the system. First, the injection of air creates bubble attachment to oils, solids, and other contaminants in the incoming produced water stream. Second, a spiral flow pattern is induced to develop buoyancy-based separation of the water and contaminants. An annular flow is created throughout the entire length of the membranes, with centrifugal forces generating the highest liquid velocities at the surface of the membrane and the contaminants/gas concentrated at the center of the membrane tubes. BEMF has been implemented in multiple heavy industrial wastewater applications and has exhibited a high permeate flux performance in filtering these wastewaters for reuse. The BEMF process is being used by oil and gas companies to recycle and reuse oilfield produced water in their operations to reduce the use of freshwater sources and minimize the trucking of produced water for disposal. A 20,000 bbl/day produced water BEMF system has been deployed for a leading oil and gas producer in the Montney region of British Columbia, Canada, and this BEMF system is the largest produced water ultrafiltration system in Canada. The 20,000 BWPD system was commissioned in July 2023, and the data from the operation and filtration of this oilfield produced water will be included in this presentation. The equipment process and mechanical design, the application details, and the operational data collected up to date will be presented as a technical case study of this first-of-its-kind membrane ultrafiltration system. This system has been installed to recycle produced and flowback water for hydraulic fracturing in unconventional oil and gas wells. The oil company chose to install the BEMFtechnology because of the system’s ability to consistently remove oil, solids, and bacteria while maximizing membrane flux rates, minimizing footprint/electricity, and minimizing the potential for effluent quality upsets. The reduction of harmful bacteria also results in significant downstream savings on biocide, and the increased reuse of produced water for completions will minimize the oil and gas company’s requirements for freshwater sources.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».