The lifestyle and values of families portrayed on television: Changes from 1960 to 2010
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
,The unsustainable lifestyles of North Americans are wreaking havoc on the planet and show minimal evidence of the changes required to combat climate change and the biodiversity crises. In the US, it is estimated that 80 percent of greenhouse gas emissions are linked to supporting the American lifestyle (Bin & Dowlatabadi, 2005). House sizes have increased (US Census Bureau, 2023), while family sizes have decreased (Lesthaeghe, 2010). A preoccupation with wealth has become a defining feature of North American culture (Stolzenberg et al., 2019). Popular culture is a form of entertainment and a powerful socialization force that shapes our aspirations and pursuits (Greenfield, 2016). In 1960, adolescents reported watching 2.5 hours of daily television, and by 2016, that number had surged to 8 hours (Twenge, et al., 2019). This increased media consumption emphasizes the need to understand its influence on lifestyle choices. The present study explores television programming over a 50-year period as a cultural model of unsustainable lifestyles and values. To determine whether lifestyles represented on television since 1960 have primarily promoted environmentally unsustainable ways of living, two popular television programs representing American family life were selected for each decade from 1960 to 2010 and analyzed for the ecological footprint (EF) and values portrayed. To explore whether television representations have helped fuel the current culture's desire for more lavish lifestyles, the EF level represented in the programs was compared to (1) a sustainable EF and (2) per capita EF in Canada and the United States for each decade. Lifestyles represented on television were found to be substantially more resource-consumptive than a sustainable lifestyle, more consumptive than the average Canadian lifestyle at the time, but similar to the average American lifestyle. These results suggest that American television might create larger perceived discrepancies between the “normal” family lifestyles and one’s own lifestyle for Canadian than American audiences. Closer analysis of the EF measure, however, indicated an underestimation of resource use in several domains (e.g., meat consumption). Specific EF indicators, such as house size, were isolated and examined, revealing that seven of the 12 television homes were substantially larger than average American homes of the time. Therefore, with respect to house size, American audiences have been presented with greater luxury than the societal average. In addition, representations of clothing consumption increased from 1960 to 2010, and environmental actions, such as recycling, were absent from the shows. Representations of material life are one way to examine sustainable messaging within television, but characters' behaviour and dialogue reflect the value priorities of people at the time. Countries known for reducing their EF, such as Norway, embody eco-protective values of environmental and social harmony, whereas the United States and Canada embody eco-consumptive values of wealth and hedonism (Schwartz, 2012). Values analysis of the main characters of programs in 1970 and 2010 revealed that at both time periods, American television characters primarily valued hedonism and wealth and showed no interest in environmental protection. The implications of these findings for popular culture are explored.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,002 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».