Preliminary Engineering Study for Evaluating the Industrial Feasibility of the Chemical Recycling of PET through Glycolysis
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
The department of chemical engineering of the University of Sherbrooke has established since more than 12 years a course of integration (Design of Industrial Chemical Processes) at final year of its programme; during this last year the students form working groups like in Engineering companies and, under the scientific and technical ‘coaching’ of their professors-engineers and their assistants proceed to the preliminary engineering of a chosen industrial process. This activity includes an intense computational effort to simulate the operation of all modules of the industrial production facility and leads to results which have a considerable research value and it is considered by interested investors for industrial applications. This work presents the results of this effort applied in the case of the chemical recycling of a plastic residue, the PET. Many programs of paper, metal, glass and plastic recycling have been implemented during the last 20 years. Plastic recycling is by far the most complex and it is still under heavy R&D. This is mainly due to the complexity of the formulations and the low raw materials cost in industry. Indeed, in the majority of the cases, the monomers of synthesis are less expensive than the recycled plastic which results mainly from mechanical recycling (shredding and extrusion). This work focuses on the chemical recycling by means of Glycolysis of one of the principal plastics used in the industry of food packing: the Poly-(Ethylene Terephthalate) (PET). The product obtained by glycolysis is the Bis-(Hydroxyl-Ethyl) Terephthalate (BHET) which is the building unit of the PET. The chemically recycled PET, said “food rank”, has a commercial value much higher than that of the mechanically recycled PET because of its higher purity, higher specifications and low risk of cross-contamination. In the United States, according to FDA's rules, the chemically recycled PET can be used in concentrations up to 25% in the manufacture of food packing. The results of this work show that the ideal capacity of production for a chemically recycled PET production facility is of 25 000 ton/y and the most favourable site, according to the market research and techno-economic evaluation, is the state of South Carolina, USA. The factory obtains a ROI of 11.41%. The sensitivity analysis shows that the parameters influencing more the profitability of the factory are: the selling price of the BHET, the production volume (output), as well as the cost of the raw material (used PET).
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,002 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».