Notice bibliographique
Résumé
When forming bicycle infrastructure development programmes, it is necessary to consider the peculiarities of a particular city and the population’s propensity to improve physical and health conditions. It is also essential to explore the possibility of introducing the bicycle into the urban transport system and using it to travel around the city and transport small loads. In most major cities around the world, the objectives of bicycle infrastructure development are often the tasks of easing the traffic load on the road network and reducing traffic congestion. The article aims at analysing the international experience of forming and developing cycling and infrastructure in cities and cycling tourism. The experience of using bicycle traffic most often begins in cities where cycling is very active, among them Amsterdam and Copenhagen. In the Netherlands, the bike has historically been popular due to the frugality of the Dutch, as well as the flat terrain and small size of the country. Amsterdam has brought the bicycle use level in urban travel to 40% of total trips. Montreal is the most bicycle-friendly city in North America. Cars still dominate there, but despite the hilly terrain and cold and snowy winters, the city is actively developing bicycle infrastructure and culture. The programme to bring bicycling back to the streets of Beijing deserves special attention. As recently as 45 years ago, the bicycle was a primary means of transportation in China. In the 1990s, the automobile became a symbol of success and affluence, and city governments began restricting bicycle traffic to allow cars to pass. A 2002 report by the Beijing Institute of Transportation included special measures to limit the use of bicycles and other forms of ‘inadequate transportation’. By 2009, the city banned non-motorised vehicles from 10% of its streets. The document ‘Sustainable Future of Cycling’ in the UK presents the results of the Cycling England programmes, which aim to promote cycling and increase the number of cyclists. There are separate cycling infrastructure development strategies for England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland. Many cities in Ukraine have developed a concept of bicycle infrastructure development. The main direction is the creation of a complete bicycle infrastructure in cities, which will improve traffic safety, lower traffic jams in large cities, and certainly contribute to reducing hazardous harmful emissions into the air. Keywords: urban planning, transportation, cycling infrastructure, traffic safety, environment, health improvement.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».