Performance and Usage of Mechanical Residential Kitchen Ventilation
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Burners and cooking activities are both major sources of air pollutants in many residences. Mechanical kitchen ventilation can effectively reduce cooking-related indoor air pollution but the knowledge about kitchen ventilation device performance and usage in real homes remains limited. We reviewed recent lab, field and survey studies that investigated the performance and occupant use patterns for mechanical kitchen ventilation devices. We have found the following three major issues. Firstly, in-home performance is lower than what was certificated in laboratory testing. In several recent field studies, researchers investigated 125 US single family homes and 23 apartments and found 82 homes had range hoods or over-the-range microwaves (OTR) certificated by Home Ventilating Institute (HVI) that had working airflows greater than 100 cfm. However, the field measurements showed only 44 of them had installed airflow that matched the rated, with the average ratio of installed versus rated flow of 0.76. The lower installed airflows were due to high air flow resistance of duct venting systems, incorrect installation and dirty hood inlets. Second, the knowledge of range hood performance for pollutant removal before mixing into the room (i.e. capture efficiency) is very limited. We found the capture efficiency was only measured for 57 hoods in 9 studies in the US, either in the lab or in the field. The measured capture efficiency ranged from 10% to 100%, generally increasing with the airflows. The capture efficiency can be influenced by the burner location, hood airflow, range hood geometry and test conditions. The main reason for limited capture efficiency data was the difficulty in conducting field measurements. Third was that the actual usage of the kitchen ventilation during cooking is low. Occupants often do not use their range hood due to the lack of awareness of the benefits of kitchen ventilation. A large survey study in Canadian homes showed that 30% of households reported regularly using their range hood. After being informed of the benefits of kitchen ventilation, the overall willingness to use the range hood was significantly higher. Field data from California showed range hoods were only used for 36% of cooking events in houses and 28% in apartments, though the occupants claimed they used them more frequently.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».