Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Iannis Xenakis is mostly known as a music composer, but he was actually many things and thought of himself as being formed of a ‘mosaic of coherences’. Xenakis possessed an enormous capacity to absorb a wide range of information, and to apply these inputs to his creative and technical work. Engineering is a discipline where a rigorous training in foundational skills such as mathematics is allied with practical applications. In the realm of Western music, the cross-fertilization with other disciplines became quite restricted. While Music had been one of the foundational elements of Western education (the Quadrivium), the increasingly elaborate techniques being explored in Western music made it more hermetic. For Xenakis, however, his engineering background made it more natural for him to adapt tools and approaches from other disciplines. The transferal of ideas had the effect of creating highly original music: a) The geometrical principles underlying hyperbolic paraboloids as they were being explored in architecture turned into a web of string glissandi in Metastasis (1954); b) the probability functions used in risk analysis were applied to generative applications in creating complex, granular ‘clouds’ of sound in Pithoprakta (1956); c) the detailed understanding of computer programming as well as the intricacies of linking software to digital audio-oriented computer hardware led to a unique graphical-based synthesis system, UPIC, and a series of compositions created using this system, beginning with Mycènes Alpha (1978). His engineering background also supported his ability to develop unique multimedia presentations involving digitally controlled lighting systems with hundreds of flashbulbs and laser displays guided by movable mirrors. Perhaps the epitome of Xenakis’s meta-materiality is his Diatope (1978), a work combining architecture, music with spatialization, lights, and a program text combining philosophy, history, and aesthetics. He had combined elements of this work in previous productions, mainly in his Polytopes (Montréal 1967, Persepolis 1971, Cluny 1972-74, Mycenae 1978). Elements of the music and lighting had appeared earlier, but the opportunity to create the architectural home for the work was unique. For Xenakis the polymath, it was natural to draw concepts and techniques into his creative work from various disciplines. The advice from Olivier Messiaen to his young student who had very little traditional background or training in music proved prescient: ‘I encouraged him to use his mathematical and architectural knowledge in his own music and not to worry about melodic – harmonic – contrapuntal – rhythmic problems’. Of course, these elements are core to whatever music is being created, but the techniques for handling them can come from musical traditions or from other disciplines. The meta-materiality of Xenakis’s work is fundamental to his truly original contributions.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,003 | 0,002 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; les deux têtes enseignantes s’accordent sur ce qui est montré ici.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».