Technology and tradition in the eastern Arctic, 2500 BC–AD 1200: A dynamic technological investigation of lithic assemblages from the Palaeo-Eskimo traditions of Greenland
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
The main objective in this study is to bring the acts and thoughts of prehistoric people into focus. This is attempted by introducing the dynamic technological methodology, in a case study, to Arctic archaeology. The case study consists of an investigation of the lithic chaînes opératoires and lithic concepts of production for the five accepted Palaeo-Eskimo cultures in the easternmost Arctic (primarily Greenland). As a precondition for the lithic chaînes opératoires analyses, a study of outcrops of lithic materials suited for knapping (microcrystalline quartzes (mcq), metamorphosed slates (killiaq), fine-grained basalts, quartz and quartzite, etc.), that are found in Greenland, was conducted. The study was primarily completed on the basis of information from earlier surveys by geologists and archaeologists, but was complemented by a survey of northern Nuussuaq in 2004. The lithic chaînes opératoires studied is documented and explained by a comprehensive number of drawings, ordered according to the steps in the process, from the procurement of the raw materials, the shaping of preforms, to the discard of the rejuvenated tool. Thus an important result of the investigation is a well-documented analysis of the dynamic change of the lithic artefact types and a definition of the range of the formal tool types in the Palaeo-Eskimo groups of Greenland. Because of the detailed knowledge of the different concepts of lithic productions achieved through the investigation, and the affinity between social traditions and technological knowledge, the results of the investigation is employed to discuss the cultural history of the eastern Arctic. The conclusions from this discussion is that Saqqaq and Independence I must remain identified as two regional traditions, while Dorset I and Independence II should be understood as the same regional tradition, named Greenlandic Dorset in this study. The change in lithic technology from Saqqaq to Dorset I is abrupt, and there can therefore be no technological continuity between these two groups in Greenland, although they might have been present at the same time. During the chaînes opératoires analysis of lithic inventories from the Thule regions, two so far unknown Palaeo-Eskimo groups in Greenland have been identified from distinct lithic technologies: the Pre-Dorset and the Early Canadian Dorset. The appearance of these groups, in the most western Thule region, suggests that the Palaeo-Eskimo cultural sequence of Ellesmere Island has to be mirrored in Northwest Greenland. The final Palaeo-Eskimo group in Greenland, the Late Dorset in the High Arctic, has a lithic technology in line with that of Middle Dorset. However, changes and lithic technological devolutions, among other reasons due to the first use of metal do appear in this period. Because of careful selection, high standardisation, high precision and a long curation of the tools in the Palaeo-Eskimo lithic process, the stepwise intentions in the lithic production concepts are comparatively easily described. It is therefore finally concluded that the dynamic technological methodology is very well suited for the study of lithic technology in the Palaeo-Eskimo tradition, and that this methodology, e.g. in combination with spatial analysis, in the future can be an important method in the investigation of Palaeo-Eskimo cultural history, and for the understanding of behaviour and social aspects in the Palaeo-Eskimo traditions.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,002 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».