Understanding how winter conditions in the North Atlantic affect the physiology and behaviour of Atlantic Salmon in sea-cages
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
In recent years there have been a number of instances where declines in water temperature are suspected to have contributed to winter mortalities at salmon cage-sites in Atlantic Canada. In addition, it is expected that temperature variability due to more intense and frequent winter storms will increase with climate change, and this may further threaten Atlantic salmon health and welfare in sea-cages. To better understand cage-site conditions and aspects of salmon behaviour and physiology during the winter, we fitted Atlantic salmon in commercial size sea-cages in Newfoundland (Canada) for two consecutive years with internal and external data storage tags (DSTs) that recorded depth, temperature, heart rate ( f H ) and 3D-acceleration (swimming activity). Tags were surgically attached / implanted in late October / early November when water temperatures were 8–10 °C, and the DSTs were collected at the time of harvest. Although tag retrieval was limited due to some early mortality, challenges due to Covid-19 and with fish identification during harvest, the data collected for both years were comparable. Water temperature decreased at a rate of 0.35–0.57 °C week −1 from October / November to March, and the coolest average weekly temperature experienced by the fish was 1.10 °C in early March of both years. Average f H decreased with temperature starting in the fall, and the fish primarily occupied the upper 5 m of the cage for the duration of this study, despite the fact that temperatures were generally homogeneous with depth. Nonetheless, vertical migrations to deeper depths were observed during some periods (e.g., at night during the coldest months), and thus, the average depth of the fish was greater during these times. These data reveal that temperatures in sea-cages in Newfoundland remain below 5 °C for ∼5 months and are below 2 °C for ∼1.5 months. Thus, understanding how cold temperatures affect various aspects of salmon biology, and monitoring these fish during this period, is critical to the sustainability and future of this industry. • Sea-caged salmon were monitored during the fall/winter using Star-Oddi data loggers. • Water temperatures fell by 0.35–0.57 °C week −1 and were below 5 °C for 5 months. • Heart rate closely followed the temperature decline. • Fish mainly occupied the upper 5 m of the cage with excursions to deeper depths. • Fish activity was higher during the day, but reduced at temperatures below 5 °C.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».