Concentrations of Delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in oral fluid at different time points after use: An individual participant meta-analysis
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Background: Delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) concentrations in oral fluid (OF) at different time points after cannabis administration and factors related to these concentrations have not been previously described in a meta-analysis. This information is critical for better understanding of these tests for detection of prior cannabis use and cannabis impairment. Objectives: : To describe the independent contribution of each of the variables in Objective 2, based on a multivariate analysis of THC concentrations. Methods: A meta-analysis of studies from two databases (PubMed and Scopus) was conducted. Our inclusion criteria included published empirical articles that administered natural cannabis to subjects in a controlled setting, with OF drug tests showing the exact THC concentrations in OF for each subject (i.e., raw data) for at least two time points after cannabis administration using confirmatory methods. Seven studies of tests with published raw data for OF THC after cannabis administration met these criteria (n observations = 1157). Results: Summary statistics showed OF THC concentrations by time after use were highly dispersed at every time point, positively skewed, and declined over time. Many positive OF THC concentrations were found after 24-h in one study, but most studies did not conduct observations past 24 h. In a multivariate analysis, we found that increased dose, increased frequency of cannabis use, and inhaled (versus ingested) cannabis were statistically related to higher OF THC concentrations. OF collection with the intercept DOA device was significantly higher than expectorant (i.e. saliva) and being male (versus female) were only significant in a bivariate analysis. Too little data existed to reliably analyze the possible influence of other variables of age, race and body mass index (BMI) on OF THC concentrations. Discussion: False negatives exist when the tests are used to detect prior use. OF test results are related to confounders of frequency of cannabis use and inhaled (versus ingested) cannabis. OF tests can produce positives at a cut-off 1.0 ng/mL well beyond 24 h. The tests are not valid to detect cannabis impairment. More information is needed on the influence of potential confounders for OF concentrations. We do not have a good idea of the degree to which the subjects in these studies are representative of persons who use cannabis. Overall, more research is needed for these tests to be used in workplace settings.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,017 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».