Opposition to Banning Cigarette Filters and the Belief That Removing Filters Makes Cigarettes Much More Harmful Among Adults Who Smoke: Findings From the 2022 International Tobacco Control Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
INTRODUCTION: In line with historical tobacco industry marketing claims, many consumers perceive cigarettes with filters as less harmful than cigarettes without filters. However, scientific evidence indicates that cigarette filters do not reduce the risks associated with smoking. We examined opposition to banning the sale of cigarettes with filters, beliefs about whether removing filters makes cigarettes much more harmful, and whether this belief is associated with opposition to banning filters among adults who smoke cigarettes from four high-income countries. AIMS AND METHODS: Data are from 2980 adults who smoke cigarettes and participated in the 2022 ITC Smoking and Vaping Survey in Australia, Canada, England, and the United States. Weighted descriptives estimated opposition to a cigarette filter ban and the belief that removing filters makes cigarettes "much more," "a little more," "not more" harmful, or "don't know." Adjusted regression analyses examined the association between opposition to banning filters (vs. support/don't know) and the belief that removing filters would make cigarettes much more harmful (vs. otherwise). RESULTS: Across all countries, 69.3% opposed banning filters, 11.5% of respondents supported banning filters, and 19.1% did not know (main effect for country differences: p = .001). Country differences remained significant after adjusting for covariates (p = .047), with adults who smoke in Australia and the United States being significantly more likely to oppose a filter ban than those in England. Canada did not differ significantly from any of the countries. Nearly half (45.9%) believe that removing filters would make cigarettes much more harmful, 28.6% reported a little more harmful, 15.3% were unsure, and 10.2% reported not more harmful (country differences: p = .002). Country differences were no longer significant after adjustment (p = .18). Believing that removing filters makes cigarettes much more harmful was strongly associated with opposing a filter ban (78.5%) (vs. otherwise: 62.1%, p < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Across all four countries, three-quarters of adults who smoke erroneously believe that removing filters would make cigarettes more harmful, and believing that doing so would make cigarettes much more harmful was the strongest predictor of opposing a filter ban. IMPLICATIONS: More than 90% of manufactured cigarettes worldwide contain filters. Contrary to marketing claims by the tobacco industry, cigarette filters do not offer any health protection from cigarette smoke; however, three-quarters of adults who smoke erroneously believe that cigarettes with filters are much less harmful than cigarettes without filters. To protect public health and the environment, the World Health Organization has recommended that policy-makers consider banning cigarette filters as they are unnecessary single-use plastics.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,002 | 0,005 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,002 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».