Determination of polystyrene nanospheres and other nanoplastics in water via binding with organic dyes by capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
The purpose of this research work was to develop a new method for the quantitative analysis of water samples containing nanoplastics in the presence of microplastics and other colloidal particles. Our approach involved a mixture of fluorescent organic dyes that was added to each water sample for binding with the target nanoplastics. Binding was proven by zeta potential measurements that revealed the point of zero charge shifting from pH 4 for polystyrene nanoparticles, to pH 6.13 after binding with the dye mixture. Centrifugation effectively separated the free dyes from all dye-bound particles in the heterogeneous mixture, thus eliminating any potential interference. Electrokinetic injection of the free dyes in the supernatant allowed efficient separation by capillary electrophoresis (CE), for accurate quantitation individually with laser-induced fluorescence detection. A diode laser was operated at λ ex of 450 nm to induce fluorescence from the dyes, and an optical interference filter to collect only emission photons with λ em of 520 nm. The fluorescence peak intensity decreased for each dye, thereby determining the total binding activity of all plastics and other particles. This new method enables high-throughput screening of water samples for nanoplastics, based on their fast binding with organic dyes in 5 min, rapid analytical separation of dyes by capillary electrophoresis within 10 min, and instantaneous fluorescence intensity measurement of individual dye peaks. Binding percentages as high as 149(±2) %/μg of 9.5-nm polystyrene nanoparticles were attained when using a concentration of 125 μg/mL for each dye. The binding mechanism was mainly attributed to hydrophobic interaction and modified by electrostatic forces. Binding of the four dyes with polystyrene microparticles, casein micelles, and transition metal oxide nanoparticles was verified to demonstrate minimal interference. The method was successfully applied to rapid testing of water samples from various sources, ranging from drinking fountains and household faucets to flowing rivers. The method also applied to a decontamination study wherein a removal of 94 % polystyrene nanospheres (diameter = 80 nm) was achieved by adding only 20 mg of casein powder into 1.6 mL of water containing 36 mg of the nanoplastics initially. • Selective binding of fluorescent organic dyes with polystyrene nanoparticles. • Capillary electrophoresis with laser fluorescence determination of % bindings. • Detection limit as low as 0.10 μg of 90-nm polystyrene nanoparticles. • Detection limit at 0.04 μg of 9.5-nm polystyrene nanoparticles. • Time requirements of 5 min for binding and 10 min for CE-LIF analysis.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».