The threat of coastal hypoxia in eastern Canadian waters - new opportunities for its mitigation and the potential of Bedford Basin (Nova Scotia) for required pilot study and demonstration
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Ocean deoxygenation and expansion and intensification of hypoxia is a growing threat to marine biodiversity worldwide, especially in coastal waters. The causes include eutrophication due to excess input of nutrients. However, increasingly, warming and especially circulation- and mixing-related changes to oxygen supply connected with climate change are driving oxygen concentrations downwards. This is now a major problem on the Canadian east coast with growing hypoxic zones in the Lower St. Lawrence Estuary, as well as threats to shelf waters of Nova Scotia and coastal basins, including Bedford Basin. Current measures to protect marine biodiversity (e.g. marine protected areas) are ineffectual in addressing this threat. However, the sudden emergence of a green hydrogen industry offers a possible solution. Here we highlight the threat to eastern Canadian ecosystems, including commercial fish stocks, from hypoxia as well as the underlying causes and the potential for a solution. In the case of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, planned construction of a hydrogen plant near Stephenville, NL, holds potential to mitigate the growing threat through use of the oxygen by-product of hydrogen generation. Based on measurements and tracer studies, the location and magnitude of production appear to be “just right” to compensate for current oxygen losses. This mitigation approach (direct oxygen injection) has rarely been considered for marine environments to-date and involves magnitudes and timescales of oxygen transport and response that have not been attempted before. Nevertheless, it seems essential and urgent for ocean scientists, engineers and policymakers to work together to address this threat and explore its potential solution. A coordinated research effort into direct oxygen injection, involving broad multidisciplinary expertise should be established immediately. Field scale pilot studies in well-characterized, accessible locations appear to be the next key step required, as well as planning for larger scale deployment. There are several reasons why Bedford Basin, Nova Scotia is an ideal location for pilot studies and demonstrations. The questions that need to be addressed, the suitability of Bedford Basin, pilot study design and practicality issues are presented and discussed.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».