Editorial: “Grasping the potential of innovative solutions and tools: towards the digital age”

In the EU, the European Commission is working on several strategies, actions and legal frameworks for the digital transformation: Digital Decade Policy Programme 2030 (Path to the Digital Decade), A New Industrial Strategy for Europe, Green Deal Industrial Plan, Web 4.0 and Virtual Worlds, and European Strategy for Data, Blockchain Strategy and EU Strategy on Standardisation (European Commission, 2024a, 2024b; European Commission, 2024c). On the contrary, the funding programme Horizon Europe (2021–2027) aims to achieve global challenges and reinforce collaboration in research and innovation (European Commission, 2024a). This programme has three pillars: Pillar I: Excellent Science, Pillar II: Global Challenges and European Industrial Competitiveness and Pillar III: Innovative Europe. In particular, Pillar II includes Cluster 4 (“Digital, Industry and Space”) with several areas of intervention such as key digital technologies, artificial intelligence, and robotics, next generation internet, advanced computing and big data, among others.Digital technologies are key for the transition towards greener and more inclusive societies and economies. New and emerging digital tools are crucial for building more resilient national health systems, digitalizing public administrations, transforming educational systems and infrastructures and providing companies, students and citizens with the digital skills needed in the new labour market (Anshari and Almunawar, 2021; Anshari and Hamdan, 2022; Ciacci and Penco, 2024; European Commission, 2024b, 2024c; He and Chen, 2024; Miao et al., 2024; Ordóñez de Pablos, 2004a, 2004b; Zhang et al., 2012, 2015; Zhao et al., 2014).I hope the collection of six issues of Journal of Science and Technology Policy Management in 2024 contributes to the active discussion of challenges, opportunities and trends of innovation and research as well as fosters the path for the twin transition.The sixth issue (2024) of Journal of Science and Technology Policy Management presents a collection of 27 papers that address key issues for companies and governments, like blockchain technology, cashless payment, e-learning, innovation, mobile banking adoption, mobile payment, smart mobile tourism app, sustainability, technology commercialization and telehealth, among others. The discussion covers countries like Canada, China, Georgia, India, Indonesia, Iran, Malaysia and Pakistan. In addition, the issue contains a special section titled “Integrating gender dimension in research and innovation policy, action and strategies: Challenges and opportunities for a more inclusive society”.The first paper of the special section is titled “Understanding gender disparity: factors affecting higher education self-efficacy of students in Malaysia” (by Saadat and Sultana). The paper proposes that “gender disparity is a global phenomenon where females outnumber male participants. It has been observed that males are the early leaver from higher education, thus reflecting a severe concern about social instability. Malaysia is a prominent example where females outnumber males in higher education. In this context, this paper aims to examine the effect of individual, social and financial factors on the higher education self-efficacy of male and female students. It develops a comprehensive understanding of gender-based decision factors in pursuing higher education. The hypothesis was formed based on a comprehensive literature review following the hypothetico-deductive positivist approach. These hypotheses were tested based on a sample of 250 respondents. A multiple regression analysis was deployed to test the relationship between the dependent variable and its predictors. The results suggest that male and female students’ self-efficacy depends on five determinants, i.e. family influence, peer influence, career expectancy outcome, gender roles and institutional factors. Male students tend to be influenced more by these five determinants than females. Additionally, male students with better financial backgrounds are more likely to have higher self-efficacy, whereas gender roles negatively affect male and female students’ self-efficacy for higher education”.The second paper of the special section is titled “Use of blockchain technology for smart healthcare services: A critical perspective of ethnic minority group” (by Kumar and Jain). The paper discusses that “the essence of blockchain governance is a far departure from the cryptocurrency or Bitcoin that has led to innovation and changing the outline of medical services. The major challenge in medical services is the lack of accessibility of medical services and lack of awareness. A large group of the population belonging to an ethnic minority has a high rate of complications, re-operation and graft rejection. To connect with a minority group and address privacy and safety issues, blockchain-based e-health-care services have massive potential in the medical industry, especially from the perspective of the social aspect. The study proposed a framework that describes the complex interplay of different stated factors, including perceived ease of use, trust, perceived usefulness and perceived security and privacy. The paper uses structural equation modeling to understand the ethnic minority group’s readiness to adopt blockchain-based e-health-care services. It was found that all the direct relationships between variables are supported by the findings and have a significant positive relationship with the adoption intention. The tested framework will help regulatory bodies and marketers to develop support health-care service mechanisms for ethnic minority groups by addressing their issues related to security and privacy. Blockchain-based e-health-care services have massive potential in the medical industry, although, its actual diffusion has not been explored much, with particular reference to an ethnic minority group. This study will explore the diffusion of smart health-care services with respect to ethnic minority group”.Next paper of the special section is titled “Generation Y’s behavioural usage of small businesses’ retail websites: Gender difference” (by Lim, Goi, Dell and Goi). It states that “to better understand continuities and changes in consumer behaviour, it is also important to examine the original antecedents of unified theory of acceptance and use of technology 2 (UTAUT2). Studying Generation Y is crucial for developing competitive online marketing strategies, as Generation Y plays a substantial role in online purchases. Therefore, this study aims to examine the actual use of small business websites based on the UTAUT2 among Generation Y. A total of 375 valid questionnaires were collected via a systematic sampling among Generation Y in Canada. All participants in the study had at least a high school education, were internet and computer literate, and had purchased a good/service from the retail websites of Canadian small businesses. The results show performance expectancy, hedonic motivation, social influence and habit have significant effects on behavioural intentions. The habit and behavioural intentions also have significant effects on actual usage of small businesses’ retail websites. Additionally, this study supported the significant difference between male and female UTAUT2 models. The study examines how small retail businesses can attract and retain Generation Y customers by improving their website’s performance. Performance expectancy, hedonic motivation and social influence are significant factors in determining behavioral intention. Small businesses can enhance their website usability, design and content to increase customer satisfaction and loyalty. Hedonic motivation is crucial for Generation Y customers, who seek pleasure and excitement when visiting websites”.The fourth paper of the special section is titled “Intelligent oil field technology maturity level assessment: using the technology readiness level criteria” (by Pouran Manjily, Alborzi, Behrouz and Seyed-Hosseini). It presents a study focused on “a comprehensive assessment of the technology readiness level (TRL) of Iran’s oil field intelligence compared to other countries with similar oil reservoirs. The ultimate objective is to optimize oil extraction from this field by leveraging intelligent technology. Incorporating intelligent technology in oil fields can significantly simplify operations, especially in challenging-to-access areas and increase oil production, thereby generating higher income and profits for the field owner. This study evaluates the level of maturity of present oil field technologies from the perspective of an intelligent oil field by using criteria for measuring the readiness of technologies. A questionnaire was designed and distributed to 18 competent oil industry professionals. Using weighted criteria, a mean estimate of oil field technical maturity was derived from the responses of respondents. Researchers evaluated the level of technological readiness for Brunei, Kuwait and Saudi Arabia’s oil fields using scientific studies”.Finally, the last paper of the special section is titled “Gender diversity, corporate social responsibility and real earnings management for policy management decision: evidence from emerging market” (by Salihi, Ibrahim and Baharudin). It presents a study that explores “whether board gender diversity and corporate social responsibility (CSR) affect real earnings management (REM) practices of public companies in Nigeria. The study analyzes data of public companies for the period of 2011 through 2020. Data on board gender diversity, CSR and REM were collected from audited financial statements. The empirical findings show that companies with greater diverse board are effective in restraining REM, thus supporting the theoretical framework of the study. 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