Racial Disparity in Outcomes after Myeloablative Conditioning for Hematological Malignancies in Patients Above the Age of 45 Years Undergoing Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Introduction: The impact of race on outcomes of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplants (HCT) has long been a field of research. The Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research (CIBMTR) studies have shown worse survival for Blacks and Hispanics within the first year after HCT in the US (Morishima et al., 2022) but evened out for one-year survivors (Blue et al., 2023). We hypothesize that the outcomes of South Asians (age ≥ 45 years) receiving myeloablative conditioning in HCT for hematological malignancies are worse compared to other races and similar to that of Blacks (B). This is as per observations in South Asian regions where only reduced intensity conditioning is offered in this age group. British Columbia has a significant Asian population, with ~50% Whites (W), ~12% South Asians (SA) and 22% Other Asians (East Asians EA + South-East Asians SEA), which allows us to compare the HCT outcomes among these three racial groups. Methods: This was a single-centre retrospective study conducted at the Leukemia/ BMT Program in BC. All patients (Age ≥ 45 years) undergoing myeloablative conditioning for hematological malignancies from January 2011 to December 2022 were included. The primary outcome was overall survival (OS). Secondary outcomes were non-relapse mortality (NRM), incidence of grade 2-4 acute graft versus host disease (GVHD), moderate-severe chronic GVHD and relapse incidence (RI). The survival analysis was done using Kaplan-Meier analysis and log-rank test. The GVHD, NRM and RI rates were calculated using the cumulative incidence of competing events and the Gray test. EZR was used for statistical analysis. Results: Of the 487 patients, there were 28 (5.7%) South Asians (SA), 73 (15%) Other Asians (EA/SEA), and 382 (78%) Whites (W). Four Blacks (B) with similar outcomes as South Asians were grouped (SA/B) for outcome comparisons. There was a lower proportion of recipients ≥ 60 years of age in Asians than the Whites (SA/B 19% and EA/SEA 14%, W 34%, p=0.001). The proportion of donors ≥30 years of age was higher in the Asians compared to the Whites (SA/B 72%, EA/SEA 70%, and W 61%, p=0.02). The three groups were comparable regarding the recipient and donor sex, body mass index, and performance status. However, the proportion of SA/B with HCT-CI ≥ 5 was significantly higher (SA/B 34%, EA/SEA 15%, and W 7%, p=0.002). While the proportions with matched blood groups were similar, there were fewer CMV mismatches among the Asians (SA/B 25%, EA/SEA 26%, and W 43%, p=0.009). There was no difference in the conditioning type (total-body irradiation) and CD34 cell dose. However, a lower proportion of SA/B received ATG/PTCy as GVHD prophylaxis (SA/B 34%, EA/SEA 42%, and W 45%, p=0.0009). The median OS was significantly shorter in SA/B (SA/B 13, EA/SEA 101 and W 64 months, p=0.02). The cumulative incidence of non-relapse mortality (NRM) was the highest in SA/B (SA/B 40%, EA/SEA 13.7% and W 16%, at two years, p=0.005). The cumulative incidence of acute and chronic graft versus host disease (GVHD) was not significantly different across the racial groups (p=0.6 and 0.7, respectively). The cumulative incidence of relapse was also not significantly different (p=0.6). Discussion: Our study confirms that South Asians/Blacks ages ≥45 have worse survival after myeloablative conditioning. Supportive care is unable to overcome the differences in the outcomes. The high NRM is probably due to differences in comorbidities, frailty and pharmacogenetics and needs to be studied prospectively in multicentre studies.
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Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».