Notice bibliographique
Résumé
To the Editor, Climate change, political instability, and war have made the occurrence of power outages a more frequent occurrence. Previously, there have been several reports of electricity blackouts in major cities in North America. The most prominent incident occurred in August 2003 when a blackout powercut affected an area, with a population of approximately 50 million people over eight states, from east of New York, north to Toronto, and west to Detroit, Michigan.[1] To date, there have been few reports examining outbreaks or increases in sporadic cases of food poisoning following such power outages. Floret and colleagues describe the lack of reported outbreaks of communicable infectious diseases following several geophysical disasters including tsunamis, earthquakes, floods, etc.[2] These authors concluded that the occurrence of epidemics following such geophysical disasters is rare. Here, we wish to report on the occurrence of gastrointestinal disease in adults and in children under 2 years of age following a major disruption of electricity supply in Northern Ireland with a population of approximately 1.6 million people, following a major storm of Boxing Day 1998. The winds recorded backed south-easterly for a time and then increased to Strong and then to Gale Force around mid-day. The winds recorded at the Met Eireann station at Malin Head, Co. Donegal, were classified as Hurricane Force 12. This was the worst storm in Northern Ireland since records began. As a consequence of the storm, major damage was inflicted on the Northern Ireland Electricity Grid with the reporting of 3976 faults. As a result of this, considerable numbers of households were left without electricity ranging from 0 to 3 h to >72 h. Eighty-one percent of homes had their supplies restored within 24 h leaving 19% who were without electricity for longer than 24 h.[3] Food poisoning in adults and gastroenteritis in children under 2 years old were retrospectively examined. In adults, there was a mean increase of 61.4% of reported cases of food poisoning, during weeks 51, 52, and week 1, in comparison with the 2 flanking years, i.e., 1997 and 1999. There was no increase in gastroenteritis in children under 2 years during the storm period, in comparison with similar periods in 1997 and 1999. Additionally, there were no reported outbreaks during this period, and we believe that the increased food poisoning reports in adults reflect unrelated sporadic cases. This report highlights the potential consequences of food poisoning whenever the power supply is interrupted for a significant period of time due to problems with the storage of food in an emergency situation. Our report highlights the need for effective preparedness for food safety concerns during power outages. Emergency contingency plans should be aware of several sources of resource materials.[4-7] In conclusion, our observations further help define changing trends in communicable infectious diseases brought about by power loss due to a weather-related geophysical event. Financial support and sponsorship Nil. Conflicts of interest There are no conflicts of interest.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,004 | 0,024 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,002 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,002 | 0,002 |
| Communication savante | 0,005 | 0,007 |
| Science ouverte | 0,003 | 0,002 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,016 | 0,021 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,021 | 0,012 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».