Meal patterns and risk of childhood obesity and metabolically unhealthy obesity: a systematic review of the evidence, methodological issues and research gaps
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Childhood overweight/obesity (Ov/Ob) is a major public health problem, of greater concern when accompanied with comorbidities such as hypertension, insulin resistance leading to metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO). Current evidence suggests a linkage between meal frequency, diet quality and nutritional status (1–3) in children and adolescents, however data regarding associations between meal patterns, Ov/Ob risk and MUO are limited. The aim was to explore associations between meal patterns and the risk of childhood Ov/Ob and MUO. The PRISMA methodology was used to retrieve prospective studies and randomized controlled trials conducted in children/adolescents 2-19 years old in Europe, USA, Canada or Oceania, from 01/2013 to 06/2023. Exposures that were considered under the umbrella “meal patterns” included consumption of a meal, meal skipping, timing, format and context. The quality of the studies was assessed with the ROBINS-E and RoB-2 tools. Of the 3,020 studies initially retrieved, 27 were included. All studies reported on Ov/Ob risk, whilst no studies on MUO were identified. All but one study had a longitudinal study design. Twenty-two studies (81%) had a high/very high risk of bias, mainly due to the methods measures of exposure were assessed. Consumption of/skipping breakfast was the most common exposure, followed by consumption of lunch (n = 5), dinner (n = 5), meal frequency/eating occasion (EO; n = 5) and consumption of fast foods (n = 4). Some studies reported on meal context (eating while watching TV; n = 4). In most studies, frequent breakfast and evening family dinners (i.e. 7 days/week vs <7days/week) were associated with lower odds of childhood Ov/Ob, BMI and %body fat at followup (FU). Four studies also showed that skipping breakfast was associated with increased obesity markers, while three studies showed no associations. There was limited evidence of a positive association between eating while watching TV and weight trajectories (n = 2). No associations were reported in relation to frequency of lunch and fast food intake. Results regarding meal frequency/EO and Ov/Ob at FU are conflicting, with differences attributed to the definition of an EO. Evidence supports that frequent consumption of breakfast and family dinners may be associated with lower Ov/Ob risk in children and adolescents, while eating in front of TV with increasing weight trajectories. No studies were identified in relation to MUO, highlighting a significant research gap. Nevertheless, clear definition on EOs and improved methodological approach in the assessment of meal patterns emerged as a need, according to current review findings.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,008 | 0,005 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,004 | 0,001 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,002 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».