Rethinking firepower and geopolitics
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
“Once you have done your homework you realize we need new politics, we need new economics … We need a whole new way of thinking.” Greta Thunberg, speech at EESC event “Civil Society for rEUnaissance” There were fortunes to be made in coal and then oil, and now gas too. More than just fortunes are involved; modern economies depend on these fuels, and states only function if fuels are available to keep modern life going. Access to fuel has been essential to the security of modern states and their inhabitants. The rivalries of states and corporations, the struggles for dominance and control, the political arguments about who has access to what where matters. In other words, geopolitics are indivisible from fossil fuels in the modern world. Other resources have been involved in all sorts of conflict and imperial plunder through history (LeBillon 2012), but oil has pride of place in recent decades. A sustainable future now requires dismantling these systems and replacing both the technologies and their social and economic arrangements with ones fit for a small vulnerable biosphere. No longer can assumptions of a big world as a stage for geopolitics operate if the long-term future of humanity is to be secured. Numerous peoples have long paid a high price for the struggles for power and space set in motion by European colonization and the expansion of capitalism through the Earth system (Grove 2019). Now even those who have benefited most from these colonial arrangements and their subsequent evolution into the global economy are beginning to feel the impacts of sea-level rise and climate disruption. The large oil companies are truly global companies with holdings and infrastructure in many countries. Crucially in many places they held the rights to exploit petroleum and their wealth was tied to the valuations of these reserves. This is often still the case and stock values are linked directly to gaining access to what lies deep underground. States have struggled to exploit these resources and enrich themselves in the process too. The case of the Gulf States, sheikdoms sitting on oil fields, emphasizes the point that there are vast fortunes to be made. But fuel resources are unevenly spread around the globe, and while some states and corporations have gained enormous wealth others have had economic disruptions because of their dependence on fuel from abroad.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,003 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».