THE MAIN DIRECTIONS OF ETHNO-SOCIAL EDUCATION OF YOUTHS (7 – 14 YEARS OLD) IN TRADITIONAL SOCIETY IN THE 19TH – THE FIRST QUARTER OF THE 20TH CENTURY

The article reveals the pedagogical experience of ethno-social education of Ukrainian traditional society through its main directions (moral, physical and labor education). The nineteenth – the first quarter of the twentieth century is a time of social, political, and economic transformations. This historical period is the time of traditional society, which is interpreted as peasant, taking into account all the "cultural infusions" of the city. In the system of sex-age stratification of traditional Ukrainian society, a special place was occupied by the age group of teenagers (youths), which stood out from other age categories. Based on the records of ethnographers of the nineteenth and the first quarter of the twentieth century, the author assumes that "boyhood" (adolescent period) was the period of life of boys and girls from 7 to 14 years. As a result of the life activity of the Ukrainian traditional society, a certain pedagogical experience of ethno-social education was formed. Ethno-social education is considered as the process of becoming a child as a representative of a certain ethnic group through the internalization of those cultural and social values and relations that form the basis of the social existence of the ethnic group; it is a person’s acquisition of the values, guidelines, patterns of behavior inherent in a given ethnic group, his reproduction of the social ties and social experience of the ethnic group, and the transformation of this experience into personal property. The main directions of ethno-social education include: moral, spiritual, physical and labor education. The publication emphasizes that the closest social environment of the child (family, community) was decisive in his moral, labor and physical education. The author dwells on distinguishing the goal of moral, labor and physical education. The aim of moral education of youths in Ukrainian traditional society is to transmit a system of ideas about correct and incorrect behavior, which required the performance of certain actions and prohibited others. The basis of moral education was the customary and ceremonial culture of Ukrainian society, that is, the environment in which the child lived, in which his formation and development took place. The purpose of physical education of a peasant child was determined by the needs of hard agricultural work. It was necessary to work hard and a lot to provide the family, and this required good health. The purpose of labor education of youths is to include them in the active social and economic life of the family, the motherland, and the rural community as a whole. The publication concluded that moral, labor and physical education, as the main directions of ethno-social education of children of youth age, was carried out through the transfer to them of the socio-historical experience of humanity in the process of subject-practical activity, in which the best traits, qualities of personality, labor, physical and moral standards were concentrated.

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