Earthworm abundance and diversity in response to intensive crop management in organic field crop farms of southern Quebec, Canada
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Earthworms are identified as soil engineers as they play a key role in soil health, influencing soil structure and short-term soil organic carbon dynamics. Their abundance and diversity are subject to the variability of agricultural practices in cropping systems and are less examined under organic management. We aimed to assess the effect of relatively intensive cropping systems, specifically short rotations– three years of grain cropping (corn ( Zea mays L.) -soybean ( Glycine max [L.] Merr.) -small grain) – under organic management on earthworm abundance and diversity. A field survey was conducted on 11 certified organic grain farms in the spring of 2019 and on 10 of the same certified organic farms in the spring of 2021 in Quebec, Canada. At each farm, earthworms were sampled by physical and chemical extractions in three different fields: a corn, a soybean, and a small grain field. A field margin was also sampled at each farm in 2021 as a reference site. The effect of in-season tillage, manure application and time since organic certification, and use of perennial forages, on earthworm community variables were also evaluated. In this study, the average earthworm abundance was 130 ± 20.3 ind. m −2 in 2019 and 135 ± 21.8 ind. m −2 in 2021; whereas biomass was 13.0 ± 2.1 g m −2 in 2019 and 4.2 ± 0.8 g m −2 in 2021. Endogeic species were the most abundant, with Aporrectodea turgida observed in 83 % of fields. Earthworm diversity, richness, and abundance did not differ between cropped fields and field margins, but earthworm dry biomass was 1.8 times higher in the cropped fields than in the field margins. The crop phase did not influence any earthworm community variable. Total earthworm abundance was 1.5 times higher in fields that were managed organically for >20 years than in those that were managed organically for a shorter period. Overall, farming practices such as in-season tillage and the time since the last perennial forage crop have shaped earthworm communities promoting endogeic species over epigeic and anecic species. • Earthworm communities were investigated in 63 organic grain crop fields. • 11 species were present in cropped fields and 3 were unique to field margins. • The crop in place did not influence earthworm abundance, biomass, diversity, or richness. • Fields with a longer history of organic management had the highest earthworm abundance. • Earthworm abundance and biomass increased with inversion tillage.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».