Interstep Variations of Stairways and Associations of High-Contrast Striping and Fall-Related Events: Observational Study
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
BACKGROUND: Interstep variations in step riser height and tread depth within a stairway could negatively impact safe stair negotiation by decreasing step riser height predictability and, consequently, increasing stair users' fall risk. Unfortunately, interstep variations in riser height and depth are common, particularly in older stairways, but its impact may be lessened by highlighting steps' edges using a high-contrast stripe on the top front edge of each step. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine (1) if fall-related events are associated with greater interstep riser height and depth variations and (2) if such fall-related events are reduced in the presence of contrast-enhanced step edges compared with a control stairway. METHODS: Stair users were video recorded on 2 public stairways in a university building. One stairway had black vinyl stripes applied to the step's edges and black-and-white vertical stripes on the last and top steps' faces. The stairway with striping was counterbalanced, with the striped stairway than a control, and the control with stripes. Each stair user recorded was coded for whether they experienced a fall-related event. A total of 10,000 samples (observations) of 20 fall-related events were drawn with 0.25 probability from each condition to determine the probability of observing a distribution with the constraints outlined by the hypotheses by a computerized Monte Carlo simulation. RESULTS: In total, 11,137 individual stair user observations had 20 fall-related events. The flights that had 14 mm in interstep riser height variation and 38 mm in interstep depth variation were associated with 80% (16/20) of the fall-related events observed. Furthermore, 2 fall-related events were observed for low interstep variation with no striping, and 2 fall-related events were observed during low interstep variation with striping. A total of 20 fall-related events were observed, with 4 occurring on flights of stairs with low interstep variation. For stairs with high variability in step dimensions, 13 of 16 (81%) fall-related events occurred on the control stairway (no striping) compared with 3 of 16 (19%) on the high-contrast striping stairway. The distribution of fall-related events we observed between conditions likely did not occur by chance, with a probability of 0.04. CONCLUSIONS: These data support the premise that a vision-based strategy (ie, striping) may counteract fall risk associated with interstep riser height and tread depth variation. Possibly, perception and action elicited through the horizontal-vertical illusion (striping) may have a positive impact on the incidence of fall-related events in the presence of high interstep riser height and depth variation. The findings of this study suggest that contrast enhancement (ie, striping) may be a simple and effective way to reduce the risk of falls associated with interstep variation, highlighting the potential for this approach to make a significant impact on fall prevention efforts.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,003 | 0,005 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».