Ecological Momentary Assessment of Parental Well-Being and Time Use: Mixed Methods Compliance and Feasibility Study
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
BACKGROUND: Parents often juggle multiple conflicting responsibilities, including work, childcare, and the household, making them a particularly burdened group. However, the impact of daily routines and associated (poor) well-being among parents has received relatively little attention. Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) is increasingly being used to capture real-time data and can help address this research gap. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to examine compliance rates and the feasibility of EMA for measuring daily well-being and time use among parents. METHODS: An exploratory mixed-methods study was conducted with 74 German parents (57/74, 77% women, (age: mean 37.6, SD 5.9 years). Participants completed a baseline questionnaire, followed by 4 daily EMA surveys (at 7:30 AM, 12 PM, 16:30 PM, and 21:30 PM) over a 1-week period, and a follow-up questionnaire. A subset of parents was also subsequently interviewed. Sociodemographic background and expected feasibility (open-ended questions) were surveyed at baseline, and feasibility was assessed at follow-up (closed- and open-ended questions) and in the interviews. State well-being (affective and cognitive), state stress, state as well as retrospective time-use were measured in the EMA surveys. Compliance and feasibility were examined using a combination of quantitative (descriptive analyses) and qualitative methodologies. RESULTS: Participants completed an average of 83% (SD 13%) of the daily surveys. Compliance varied by gender and age, where men (90% vs 80%) and older parents showed higher rates. Participants generally found the survey frequency and length manageable, though some suggested adjustments to the study period depending on their individual routines. The 7:30 AM survey was reported as the most challenging due to childcare drop-offs (40%-49%), followed by the 16:30 PM survey for similar reasons (7%-17%). The qualitative analysis further revealed additional points for improvement, for instance, the need for personalization (eg, individual adjustment of the survey timings and intervals), technical support, and the incorporation of gamification elements. Most interviewees (46% vs 23%) found the used measurement of well-being and stress to be appropriate. Regarding time use, they felt that the predefined activity groups (eg, personal care, working) were suitable (46%) but noted challenges assigning less frequent activities (eg, medical appointments) (5%-54%). Reporting the timings of time-use via consecutive questions (ie, specifying the duration or start and end times of an activity) was perceived as confusing (9%-69%), with participants expressing a preference for a visual overview, such as a Gantt chart. CONCLUSIONS: The study demonstrates that, when accounting for certain sociodemographic and study design factors, EMA can be a feasible method for data collection regarding daily well-being and time use, even in highly time-constrained populations like parents. This shows great potential for future research, such as exploring work-family conflict or performative gender roles and complementing established methods (eg, retrospective daily diaries). TRIAL REGISTRATION: OSF Registries osf.io/8qj3d; https://osf.io/8qj3d. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): RR2-10.2196/54728.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,007 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».