THE INTERPLAY BETWEEN BRAIN NEUROTRANSMITTERS AND OPIOID SYSTEMS IN MAJOR DEPRESSION (MD) AND COMORBID MD AND GENERALIZED ANXIETY
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract Background Mu-opioid receptors (MOR) are known to have entangled regulation with dopamine and serotonin. The roles of brain neurotransmitters (NT) and and opioid receptor (OR) systems in the regulation of specific dynamical properties of behaviour were earlier summarised within the 12 components of the neurochemical framework Functional Ensemble of Temperament (FET). The FET framework allows having a neurochemistry-based structure of a taxonomy that can classify both, healthy bio-psychological traits and symptoms of psychopathology, with depression taken as an example for this study. Aims and objectives of this study were to investigate the predictions of the FET framework regarding the correspondence between the FET components and the Major Depression (MD) symptoms and comorbid MD and Generalized Anxiety (GAD) symptoms. Method FET-structured temperament profiles of patients and clients of private practice were collected for four groups: MD, GAD, comorbid MD-GAD and control (no mental illness), matched by age and sex. Results The FET- structured profiles showed a good convergence with the classic criteria of MD and GAD and showed a good differentiating power for the comorbid MD-GAD. Each symptom was presented in the framework of the interaction between the NT and OR and analysed in terms of differentiation between the symptoms recorded in four studied groups. Discussion & Conclusion Multi-systems neurochemical interaction of studied disorders is presented in the FET in terms of differentiation between the universal aspects of behaviour, such as orientation, integration and energetic maintenance analysed separately for physical, social and mental aspects of activity, plus three emotionality-related aspects. Each of 12 FET aspects is linked to a specific NT-OR team. Our results confirmed the expectations of the FET that MD is a result of a compromised serotonin-MOR interaction with dopamine, not affecting orientational aspects of behaviour but having a negative impact on energetic maintenance and integration of actions, as well as influencing dispositional moods. In contrast to MD, GAD involves more kappa-opioid and noradrenalinergic systems, inducing loss of focus, agitation and chronic anxiety but not necessarily a low dispositional mood, fatigue or lack of interest, as in MD. Finally, comorbid MD-GAD is the most serious condition out of three studied diagnoses, negatively impacting the cortical functioning, including probabilistic processing of environmental information (that involves brain acetylcholine, kappa-opioid receptors and glutaminergic systems). Structuring the contributions of multiple neurochemical systems in major diagnoses in line with the functional constructivism approach employed in the FET is a step forward to a systematic linking of these neurochemical biomarkers to specific consistent behavioural patterns, including symptoms of psychopathology. References Trofimova, I. (2018). Functionality vs dimensionality in psychological taxonomies, and a puzzle of emotional valence. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, Biology, 373 (1744), doi: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0167. Trofimova, I. &Gaykalova, A. (2021). Emotionality vs. other biobehavioural traits: a look at neurochemical biomarkers for their differentiation. Frontiers in Psychology, 12: 781631 doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.781631. Rezaei, S., Bakhshani, N.M., Fanaei, H., &Trofimova, I. (2021). Opium effect in pregnancy on the dynamics of maternal behaviour: testing a neurochemical model. Neuropsychobiology. 80(2), 147-157. doi: 10.1159/000512698. Trofimova, I. &Sulis W. (2018). There is more to mental illness than just negative affect: comprehensive temperament profiles in depression and anxiety. BMC Psychiatry. 18: 125. doi: 10.1186/s12888-018- 1695-x
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».