BRAIN RESPONSES TO ALCOHOL CUES IN YOUTH AT RISK FOR SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS (SUDS): A FUNCTIONAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING STUDY
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract Background Adolescent alcohol use is the norm, but only some develop a substance use disorder (SUD). The most common vulnerability traits are characterized by diverse externalizing (EXT) behaviors (e.g., poor impulse-control and emotion regulation). Preliminary studies suggest that this increased risk may be influenced by altered mesocorticolimbic processing of drug and non-drug reward-related cues. The effects are complex. Whereas functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) measured responses to alcohol cues are elevated in young adults with an alcohol use disorder compared to healthy drinkers (1), high-risk youth who have not developed an SUD are reported to poorly differentiate cues associated with high vs low reward; e.g., monetary reward (2). Aims & Objectives Measure brain activation responses to alcohol and non-alcohol cues in high- vs low- EXT youth who have been followed since birth. Method Seventy-one longitudinally followed young social drinkers (age 18.5±0.6) underwent fMRI scans and completed the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS- 11), Substance Use Risk Profile Scale (SURPS), and Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire (SPSRQ). fMRI blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) activations were measured while participants received 1ml beverage tastants consisting of their preferred alcohol beverage, their preferred fruit juice, and water. Fourteen participants were excluded due to image quality issues, resulting in a final sample of 57, 27 high EXT (15F/12M) and 30 low EXT (20F/10M). As previously reported, most of these participants also had [18F]fallypride (47/57) and [11C]ABP688 (47/57) positron emission tomography scans and the high EXT group exhibited widespread increases in dopamine DRD2/3 receptors (3) and decreases in type 5 metabotropic glutamate receptors (4). Results As anticipated, high vs low EXT participants had higher AUDIT scores, alcohol binge occasions, lifetime uses of cannabis, impulsivity scores (SURPS and BIS-11), and prevalence of psychiatric disorders (mostly mood, anxiety, ADHD, and mild SUDs). For the alcohol (vs water) fMRI contrast, both groups exhibited activations in the thalamus, but only the high EXT group had significant activations in the anterior and posterior cingulate cortex, right calcarine, and post central gyrus. Significant group differences, in comparison, were only seen when contrasting the two flavored reward cues, alcohol vs juice. Whereas the low EXT group exhibited larger mesocorticolimbic BOLD responses to alcohol (vs water) than juice (vs water), these responses were undifferentiated in the high EXT group. Discussion & Conclusion The results add to the evidence that, in high-risk youth, mesocorticolimbic activations poorly distinguish reward-related cues, extending this observation to alcohol vs juice. The neurotransmitters mediating these responses remain unknown, but disrupted differentiations of reward- related cues might erode the ability to make optimal choices, increasing the risk for SUDs and their commonly comorbid conditions. References 1. Tapert, S. F., Cheung, E. H., Brown, G. G., Frank, L. R., Paulus, M. P., Schweinsburg, A. D., Meloy, M. J., &Brown, S. A. (2003). Neural response to alcohol stimuli in adolescents with alcohol use disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry, 60(7), 727–735. 2.Bü chel, C., Peters, J., Banaschewski, T., Bokde, A. L. W., Bromberg, U., Conrod, P. J., Flor, H., Papadopoulos, D., Garavan, H., Gowland, P., Heinz, A., Walter, H., Ittermann, B., Mann, K., Martinot, J.-L., Paillè re-Martinot, M.-L., Nees, F., Paus, T., Pausova, Z., … IMAGEN consortium. (2017). Blunted ventral striatal responses to anticipated rewards foreshadow problematic drug use in novelty-seeking adolescents. Nature Communications, 8, 14140. 3.Jaworska N, Cox SML, Tippler M, Castellanos-Ryan N, Benkelfat C, Parent S, Dagher A, Vitaro F, Boivin M, Pihl RO, Cô té S, Tremblay RE, Sé guin JR, Leyton M. (2020) Extra-striatal dopamine2/3 receptor availability in youth at-risk for addictions. Neuropsychopharmacology, 45(9), 1498-1505. 4.Cox SML, Tippler M, Jaworska N, Smart K, Castellanos-Ryan N, Durand F, Allard D, Benkelfat C, Parent S, Dagher A, Vitaro F, Boivin M, Pihl RO, Cô té S, Tremblay RE, Sé guin JR, Leyton M. (2020) mGlu5 receptor availability in youth at risk for addictions: effects of vulnerability traits and cannabis use. Neuropsychopharmacology, 45(11), 817-1825.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».