Producer Acid Stimulation in Unconsolidated Sandstone Reservoirs: Continuous Evolution in Overcoming Challenges and Enhancing Well Performance in an Offshore Oil Field
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract The objective of this paper is to review the evolution of producer acid design and the well performance of different acid formulations in an offshore oilfield in China. The focus is on addressing the persistent near wellbore plugging challenges encountered after water breakthrough. Over the past 15 years, acid stimulation in studied oil field has experienced five major modifications since 2007. Initially, acid design considered potential causes of plugging only. However, after evaluating well performance and identifying new challenges arising from acid stimulation, an optimized process was developed. This process includes plugging mechanism analysis, experimental acid formulation selection, acid deployment, and comprehensive performance evaluation. Evaluation parameters encompass changes in productivity index (PI), oil and liquid production, skin, flow efficiency, and the impact on production facilities. Simplifying the operational process to reduce operational cost (Opex) has been a consistent goal and a key consideration in acid design assessment. Continuous optimization in acid stimulation has been achieved through years of experience and lessons learned. The acid system has progressed from hydrochloric acid (HCl) system to a slow-released hydrofluoric (HF) based acid system, and later to a moderate-strength HF based acid system, and later to a weaker chelant acid system. The novel chelant acid system has been introduced as an alternative to moderate-strength HF based acid system, offering low corrosion, low reaction rate, and high efficiency, making it particularly effective for stimulating plugged producers in waterflooded unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs. Initially, this acid system demonstrated moderate production incremental; however, through continuous acid formulation and process optimization, its current results are comparable to those of the moderate-strength HF based acid system. The operation process has become simpler, minimizing its impact on the production facility through ongoing optimization. This paper also introduced the recent advancements in the emulsified acid system, which has improved acid distribution across intervals exceeding 500 feet in thickness. Implemented in 2021, this advancement has shown promising production outcomes. This paper will primarily focus on the evolution of the chelant acid system and the latest application of the emulsified acid system. It will discuss the continuous optimization of acid systems and operational processes, and will also cover field well selection criteria, well performance, and the impact of these processes on production facilities.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».