ЭКОЛОГО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЕ РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЕ В ПРОМЫШЛЕННО РАЗВИТЫХ СТРАНАХ НА ПРИМЕРЕ США И КАНАДЫ
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Материалы данной статьи представляют вторую часть исследований эколого-экономического регулирования в промышленно развитых странах (Вестник ПГТУ. Серия: Экономика и управление. 2019. 3. С. 5-21). На примере США и Канады показана трансформация эколого-экономического регулирования от отдельных не связанных между собой законодательных актов до использования системного законодательства и государственных институтов. Исследованы подходы к формированию государственной политики в сфере природопользования от простых ограничительных мер к комплексным мерам, включающим меры экономического стимулирования. Проанализированы факторы, влияющие на эколого-экономическое регулирование: исторические, научно-технические, технологические, социальные, информационные. Представлены основные черты современного состояния эколого-экономического регулирования и государственной политики в сфере природопользования и сформулированы выводы для России. Introduction. With the growing anthropogenic impact on the natural environment the urgency of the problem of reducing the environmental burden and rational nature management is increasing and requires the efforts of both individual countries and international structures. The mechanisms of environmental and economic regulation, which include restrictive measures as well as incentive measures, is an important element of the environmental policy of industrialized countries. The USA and Canada have undergone a long way in developing and improving the environmental legislation, and they have a significant experience in improving the mechanisms of environmental and economic regulation. This is of interest to Russia, where issues of creating conditions for harmonious nature management are in the process of formation. The study of international best practices can contribute to the development of a new state policy in the field of environmental and economic regulation and sustainable nature management. The goal of the study is to identify and analyze the factors that influenced the establishment, development, and improvement of environmental and economic regulation mechanisms as well as changes in US and Canadian public policies in the field of environmental management at different times. Analytical, historical, statistical, system-structural, and cause-effect methods were applied when performing the study. The research results are an ordered description of the development of mechanisms of environmental and economic regulation with an indication of the factors that influenced this development. The causal relationship that led to its current state was demonstrated. The expediency of studying international best practices and identifying ways to improve the mechanisms of environmental and economic regulation as well as state policy in the field of environmental management in general was justified. Conclusion. The experience acquired by the United States and Canada is of interest to Russia in terms of the processes of origin, development, and improvement of environmental and economic regulation mechanisms from simple tools to complex mechanisms within the framework of interconnected environmental legislation. This happened in the conditions of a gradual awareness by the society of the importance of environmental problems and an increase in the state priority of ecology. At present, Russian environmental policy is far from perfect and needs major review. The mechanisms of environmental and economic regulation, as part of the general state environmental policy, are irregularly applied and are not effective. It is necessary to move from the traditional sectoral approach to the creation of a comprehensive interconnected environmental legislation under which a modern effective system of mechanisms for environmental and economic regulation shall be formed.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,002 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».