An environmental scan of financial incentives to increase access to healthy foods: How, how much, and how often?
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
This environmental scan identified four main incentive structures for promoting healthy food purchases: price discounts, food vouchers, rewards, and hybrid structures. The median weekly incentive value across all programs was $14.38 USD, with significant variation. Incentives were most commonly distributed on a weekly basis (29%). Few programs provided evidence-based justifications for their chosen incentive structures, values, or distribution frequencies. Further research is needed to directly compare the effectiveness of different incentive structures, values, and frequencies in promoting healthier food purchases. Diet quality significantly influences chronic disease prevalence. Interventions that promote healthier food purchases through economic incentives are gaining attention, but there is limited information on the practical aspects of implementing these programs as a health promotion strategy in retail grocery store settings. This study explores common incentive structures, their monetary values, and distribution frequencies. A structured environmental scan of academic and grey publications from January 2010 to August 2021 was conducted. Sources from Canada, the United States, the United Kingdom, New Zealand, and Australia were included if they described interventions initiated by organizations to reduce the cost of healthier foods in retail grocery stores without requiring a prescription or disease diagnosis. Data were extracted in duplicate and synthesized narratively, focusing on the type, value, and how often incentives were distributed. The median, rather than the mean, was calculated to account for skewed distributions of incentive values across programs. Monetary values were standardized to weekly amounts and adjusted to 2024 US dollars. From 4,953 academic and 40 grey literature sources, 17 programs were identified. These programs featured four incentive structures: price discounts (41%), food vouchers (24%), rewards (18%), and hybrid structures (18%). The median incentive value was $14.38 per week. Incentives were typically provided weekly (29%) or monthly (18%), with some offered per-shop, per-day, or once per program. Considerable heterogeneity was observed in incentive structures, values, and frequencies. Justifications for these designs were often lacking, highlighting the need for further research that directly compares the impact of different incentive structures, amounts, and frequencies on food purchases. Until more empirical evidence is available, program design choices can be guided by precedent, modeled after policy options under consideration (e.g., exempting beneficiaries from general sales tax on fresh produce), or built upon successful existing models, such as the United States Department of Agriculture’s Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) Program.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,024 | 0,125 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,022 | 0,036 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Communication savante | 0,003 | 0,004 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,003 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,008 | 0,001 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».