Blistering barnacles: Space physiology in <i>The Adventures of Tintin</i>

That's one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind!' , the American astronaut Neil Armstrong famously stated when the Apollo 11 mission culminated in his first step on the Moon on 20 July 1969, marking a milestone in human space exploration.At the time, these efforts, rooted in international political tension, had influenced both science and popular culture for decades.This influence is also evident in The Adventures of Tintin by Georges 'Hergé' Remi , which centres on Tintin, the Belgian teenage reporter with his distinctive tuft of ginger hair, one of the most iconic and recognizable comic book characters of all time.The 23 completed volumes of The Adventures of Tintin, published between 1929 and 1983, are among the most beloved European comics of the 20th century.Translated into >50 languages and having sold >200 million copies worldwide, the series remains a cultural phenomenon.Hergé's distinctive ligne claire drawing style combines visual clarity with uncanny realism, in which the ageless Tintin, always accompanied by his faithful Wire Fox Terrier, Snowy, along with memorable characters such as Captain Archibald Haddock, Professor Cuthbert Calculus and the utterly useless detectives Thomson and Thompson, provide thrilling adventures set against the backdrop of the rapidly changing 20th century world.The Adventures of Tintin begin with Tintin in the Land of the Soviets ( [1929][1930] and, subsequently, take Tintin and his friends across every continent over the next 50 years, only to end in Tintin's own hometown of Brussels in the unfinished volume Tintin and Alph-Art (1986), where his life seemingly meets an untimely end at the hands of his archenemy, the ruthless movie mogul and criminal mastermind, Roberto Rastapopoulos.The stories explore a wide range of themes (arguably, in a rather Eurocentric and not always critical manner) regarding colonialism, racism, archaeology, occultism, totalitarianism, revolution, human trafficking, industrialization and technological development, to mention a few (Apostolidès, 2009;Horn, 1983;McCarthy, 2011).The French philosopher Michel Serres hailed The Adventures of Tintin as a masterpiece, declaring that 'the work of no French novelist is comparable in importance or greatness' , while others have lauded it as 'a powerful graphic record of the 20th century's tortured history' and credited it with having 'spearheaded the post-World War II renaissance of European comic art' (Horn, 1983).Indeed, The Adventures of

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