Potential contamination of drinking water in private wells during floods in southern Quebec, Canada: an integration of water geochemistry, risk perception and behavioural changes
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Floods are recurring natural disasters in the province of Quebec, with recent major events in the springs of 2017, 2019, and 2023, when snowmelt and heavy rainfall converged. These events not only caused significant property damage and population displacement but also posed serious risks to public health, especially in areas where drinking water is sourced from private wells that may be vulnerable to contamination. Critical risk factors include the proximity of wells to rivers, the presence of contaminants in floodwaters, and surface pollutants on flood-prone lands, which can infiltrate drinking water sources during floods. This interdisciplinary project evaluates the spatial risk of potable water contamination and consumption in the Stoneham-et-Tewkesbury region, QC, through a combined approach involving natural and social sciences.The natural science component involves assessing the water quality of residential wells during baseline and flood periods, and conducting spatio-temporal analyses to: 1) identify factors influencing contamination risk; 2) assess duration of contamination post-flood; and 3) determine the lateral extent of contamination. To do so, water samples collected over 15 field campaigns were analyzed for a variety of geochemical, isotopic and microbiological parameters. Although the chemical quality of well water was generally acceptable, microbiological contamination (e.g., total coliforms and E. coli) frequently exceeded safety thresholds.The social dimension of the project explores: 1) riverside residents' risk perception in relation to their well water quality during floods; 2) their water consumption practices during floods; and 3) the views of various stakeholders (riverside residents, municipality, regional water agencies) regarding roles, responsibilities and approaches to promote safe water consumption. This was achieved through semi-directed interviews conducted with seven residents participating in the well sampling campaigns, and three organization representatives.The results of this study aim to strengthen the resilience of flood-prone communities by integrating scientific data, local knowledge and community feedback to develop practical recommendations to reduce the contamination risks and promote safe water use during flood events. The results will be shared through workshops organized with residents and the municipality of Stoneham-et-Tewkesbury, as well as local water organizations. Results will also be shared with the Quebec Department of Environment to provide feedback on adequacy of the current government guidelines regarding well water consumption during floods.Keywords: Floods, human health, contamination, interdisciplinary, social, drinking water, groundwater, community, spatial assessment, risks.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,003 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,002 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,002 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».