The unprecedented Pacific Northwest heatwave of 1941: Digitized newspapers to understand far-reaching physical and social impacts
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
The record-shattering North American Pacific Northwest heatwave of June 2021 had catastrophic physical and social impacts on human mortality and morbidity, agriculture, critical infrastructure, cryospheric and hydrologic systems, and wildfire (White et al., 2023).  As a result, the 2021 heatwave was an unprecedented event of global significance; however, due to its extremity and rarity, it is difficult to contextualize how the serious regional impacts vary as a function of social and climatological state.  In other words, how would the impacts of such an event differed if the same magnitude and location of event were to have occurred in the past or future?Here, we take advantage of archive newspapers to address this knowledge gap and to provide a detailed account of the pan-societal impacts of an extreme 1941 Pacific Northwest heatwave, which was recently identified as being of comparable relative magnitude to the 2021 event (Malinina and Gillett, 2024).  We use hundreds of articles from 17 North American news publications spanning a three-week period including before, during, and after the heatwave.  We find extraordinarily detailed news coverage of the heatwave, with articles reporting: human mortality and morbidity, including deaths that were directly (e.g. heat stress) and indirectly (e.g. high-risk behaviours to cool down) caused by the heatwave; behavioral responses, including altered intra-city mobility; policy responses, including water restrictions in response to water shortages; impacts on agricultural systems, including a high degree of spatial heterogeneity in changes to both production and trade; and physical impacts, including heatwave-caused storms, wildfires, and flooding.  The news coverage also offers valuable context for the heatwave in terms of regional and global events at the time, and policy responses are directly linked to broader global conflict (e.g. decisions regarding wildfire and lumber operations are linked to Canadian efforts in World War II). We demonstrate that archive newspapers can offer a remarkable level of detail in characterizing extreme events in the mid-20th century, especially those that occurred in periods or places with limited physical data, and we are able to use these historical insights to better understand the broader context and impacts of modern extreme events. ReferencesMalinina, E and Gillett, N. The 2021 heatwave was less rare in Western Canada than previously thought. Weather and Climate Extremes 43, 100642 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wace.2024.100642.White, R.H., Anderson, S., Booth, J.F. et al. The unprecedented Pacific Northwest heatwave of June 2021. Nat Commun 14, 727 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-36289-3
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,002 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».