Geophysical Multimethod Joint Analysis for Assessing Multi-Layer Covers on Mine Tailings at Two Different Scales
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Mine tailings storage is a major challenge for the mining industry due to the risks associated with contaminated mine drainage. Tailings can contain sulfides that, when exposed to atmospheric oxygen and precipitation, generate acidity that can spread downstream from tailings storage facilities. To mitigate this issue, the construction of multi-layer cover systems designed to divert infiltrating water from the tailings represents a promising solution. However, such cover systems are susceptible to deteriorate over time, and their effectiveness must therefore be regularly assessed.Unlike traditional destructive methods, non-invasive geophysical techniques offer a rapid and cost-effective solution for analysing these cover systems. However, each geophysical technique has its own limitations when used individually. In particular, the ERT-IP (Electrical Resistivity Tomography and Induced Polarization) and MASW (Multi-channel Analysis of Surface Waves) methods can be used to characterize the volumetric properties of soils, such as variations in electrical resistivity and seismic velocities, but often lack the precision to delineate fine interfaces clearly. GPR (Ground Penetrating Radar) and seismic refraction, on the other hand, offer a better resolution for identifying the boundaries between layers but have difficulty in accurately describing the physical properties in volume.This project aims to demonstrate the potential of a multimethod approach that combines these techniques by jointly analyzing the results to leverage their respective advantages while overcoming individual limitations and biases. Ultimately, the goal is to develop a joint inversion methodology to further refine the imaging of multi-layer cover systems, which are generally shallow and are made from a large range of materials.This study presents the results from a field campaign conducted on a tailings storage facility where inclined multi-layer cover systems have been constructed to limit water infiltration (~1 m thick). Two longitudinal profiles were analyzed at two different scales. A high-resolution profile (32 m-long, 7% slope), with 64 collocated geophones and electrodes spaced by 50 cm intervals was used to focus on fine-scale variations in the cover layer system. Measurements were taken before, during, and after an infiltration test. A longer profile (100 m-long), with 64 collocated geophones and electrodes spaced by 1 m covered two instrumented sections (a 7% slope and a 28% slope) to provide a larger-scale view and greater depth of investigation. The ERT-IP data (collected using the Wenner protocol) and seismic data were coupled with GPR profiles conducted in continuous mode using 200 MHz and 1500 MHz antennas. All geophysical datasets were surveyed to allow comparison between techniques.The results are interpreted jointly, in order to exploit the interface detection capabilities of GPR and refraction techniques along with the volumetric characterization provided by ERT and MASW at two different scales, which could improve the applicability of geophysical methods to assess the in situ performance of multi-layer cover systems installed on tailings storage facilities across larger scales.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».