Foam Cleanouts in Low-Pressured Horizontal Wells
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract Coiled tubing interventions on low-pressured horizontal wells can be challenging and are often considered high-risk operations due to the increased probability of lost circulation, which raises the chances of immobilization events. Pumping a commingled fluid (i.e., water with nitrogen) is one method of decreasing the hydrostatic head to achieve circulation. However, risks remain, such as encountering thief zones or large concentrations of sand, which can generate uncertainty surrounding potential high costs due to large volumes of nitrogen and lost circulation material. This study highlights the benefits that a foamed fluid system provides in these low-pressured environments and demonstrates that this cleanout method can be effectively utilized in horizontal wells. A combination of laboratory testing and field trials were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of using a foamed fluid system when performing coiled tubing sand cleanouts in low-pressured horizontal wells. Foaming chemicals were tested and selected based on performance properties such as viscosity, foam quality, half-life, and sand settling rate. On-site quality control also provided testing of the foam being pumped and returned to the testers to ensure property targets were achieved to facilitate a successful cleanout. In partnership with a client, there were over a dozen horizontal well cleanouts executed over a one-year campaign. Foam fluid systems were utilized on all these cleanouts, with all cleanouts successfully removing the targeted sand blockage without any lost circulation events occurring. Observations from the field found clean equipment and an uncontaminated single-use freshwater fluid source allowed for the foam to be successfully pumped with the targeted performance properties. Effective management of returned foam required proper loadings of an anti-foamer to break down the foam at surface. In cases where condensate was encountered, the foam quality of the returns was found to be negatively impacted. Best practices for coiled tubing cleanouts continued to be followed while using foam, with wiper trips being performed whenever large sand bridges were encountered to assist with cleaning of the wellbore. While foam cleanouts are not a new technology, historically they have primarily been performed on vertical or slightly deviated wells. Literature in recent years covering coiled tubing cleanouts with foam in horizontal wells has been limited to modelling and theory, with minimal details pertaining to the real-world field results. This paper discusses the execution process and results of successfully performing foamed cleanouts in low-pressured horizontal wells.
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Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,002 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
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