An investigation of 15-minute neighbourhoods in Surrey, British Columbia: A community-informed social equity analysis for a fast-growing, diverse, Canadian city
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Auto-centric urban design drives health and environmental issues. Proximity-based concepts like “15-minute neighbourhoods” can reduce these harms. Most studies on 15-minute neighbourhoods have been in European centres, and few have incorporated community views. Set in a fast-growing city, this study developed a community-informed definition of 15-minute neighbourhoods and explored social equity in accessibility to amenities. Based in Surrey, British Columbia, Canada (population 580,000), this mixed-methods study involved mapping and community engagement. We created preliminary maps of 15-minute neighbourhoods by using open data for 6 amenity types (community centres, educational facilities, grocery stores, health facilities, parks, and public transit) and mapping spatial access by walking/cycling for every dissemination area using ArcGIS and r5r. We then hosted focus groups with equity-deserving residents (n = 102) to understand if these preliminary maps aligned with their experiences and gather input on what was missing and what concerns they had. We drew on participants’ input to create a community-informed definition and refined maps. With census data (2021), we conducted a social equity analysis by calculating the percentage of residents living in 15-minute neighbourhoods and assessing access for equity-deserving populations. Overall, 52% of Surrey residents lived in areas considered 15-minute neighbourhoods. Participants felt maps missed some amenities (e.g., places of worship) and that beyond amenities, supportive infrastructure, safety, and terrain were vital. We produced bivariate maps, including microscale design features, highlighting areas with many amenities but little supportive infrastructure. The social equity analysis did not highlight inequities in spatial access; rather, areas with more children/youth living in one-parent households, Indigenous peoples, low income residents, and recent immigrants were more likely to be 15-minute neighbourhoods. Community voices added insights into factors beyond amenities that matter. As proximity-based planning proceeds, care is needed to ensure that future city design meets the needs of all residents. • Community input shaped the definition of 15-min neighbourhoods. • Over ½ of Surrey's population lived in a 15-min neighbourhood. • There were no socio-spatial inequities in access to amenities in Surrey. • Residents thought factors other than amenities, such as infrastructure, were vital.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,006 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,002 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».