Deep sea mineral resources: a true Eldorado? Geological, biological and economic cross-perspectives
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Deep sea minerals (DSM) may be on the verge of a turning point, from the status of a geological resource to that of an economic reserve (according both to the SEC regulation and the ni 43-101 Canadian norm, see http://ccmr-ocrmc.ca/wp-content/uploads/43-101_ni_fr.pdf). Today, this transition notably concerns the potential exploitation of polymetallic nodules in the Clarion-Clipperton Zone.With a view to a possible exploitation of these nodules, the next step, from an economic and financial point of view, has to be based on the realisation of a pre-feasibility study, announced but not carried out to date. The figure of a profitability of 27% is, however, already announced in several documents provided by The Metals Company (TMC) concerning the NORI Area D Mineral Resource project (Technical Report Summary. Initial Assessment of the NORI Property, Clarion-Clipperton Zone, Deep Green Metals Inc., 17 mars 2021).However, the move towards industrial exploitation of deepsea minerals has long been announced, but never been enacted, and it is fraught with various forms of uncertainty. These uncertainties concern the elements of geological, biological and economic knowledge, as well as question the desirability / feasability of this exploitation. Uncertainties also includes the status of the entities and actors involved in the DSM arena. For instance, the categorization of corporations like TMC as junior (speculative) or major (industrial) companies remains an open question, as does the relationship between sponsoring states and partner corporations at ISA.The impacts of the exploitation of DSM on the environment are surely underestimated. The caracterization of the biological components of the ecosystems, including the biological identification and the heterogeneity of the benthic communities and abiotic factors, where the mineral resources are found, but also their relationships with other compartments of the ocean, are very poorly known. Acquiring this knowledge requires further scientific studies, despite international research efforts and APEI (Areas of Particular Environmental Interest) establishments in the CCZ. For example, TMC collected data to study the sedimentary plume generated by a small size pilot nodule collector and concluded that the vertical and lateral extents of this plume are negligible. However, local impacts might still be considerable. In addition, the data that led to this conclusion are not available to the science community for independant validation. Moreover, the impact of the midwater sedimentary plume generated by the ore process (from the surface vessel) is only fewly documentedBecause the geographical distribution of potential deepsea mineral occurences is so large (several tens of thousands of square kms per exploration area) and the available data are so sparse, it is very difficult to assess the lateral extent, continuity and density of nodule fields and Fe-Mn crusts. The spatial heterogeneity is, therefore, likely underestimated and consequently the exploited surface area will be greater than expected and hence the associated impact too.Here, we present the elements gathered within the framework of the IRD collective assessment on the deep-sea knowledge and governance, and question the representation of the deep seabed as a mineral resource Eldorado.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,009 | 0,001 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».