Population of Kalmykia: Main Geodemographic Trends of the First Quarter of the 21st Century
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
The article analyzes the main trends in the quantitative, spatial, and settlement dynamics of the population of Kalmykia in the first quarter of the 21 st century. It was found that migration was the main factor of geodemographic changes. The active outflow of population determined the increased rate of demographic losses in the republic (8.8% for 2002–2024 was the highest rate among regions in the South of Russia), despite the maintenance of a positive natural growth rate until the early 2020s. A slight reduction in the scale of migration loss in the 2000s and its new growth in the 2010s make it possible to identify two periods in the demographic dynamics of the republic’s population, which generally coincide with the first two decades of the 21 st century. The outflow of population was widespread, but its intensity varied significantly across the territory of Kalmykia. The maximum demographic losses (21–30%) in the first quarter of the century were suffered by the western and northwestern districts (Gorodovikovsky, Priyutnensky, Sarpinsky, Ketcherovsky), in which significant outflow was combined with a natural decrease in the population due to its national structure (high proportion of Russians). In the inter-regional exchange, all the territorial communities of Kalmykia, including the capital, lost their population. In the intraregional population circulation, the metropolitan agglomeration was the only significant center of population attraction in the 2000s–2020s. Moreover, the outflow from Elista was the largest, which compensated for this loss with an influx of internal migrants. This process contributed to the increasing concentration of demographic potential in Elista and its satellite village of Troitsk (in 1989–2024 their share in the population of the republic increased from 31.5 to 45.2%). A similar process took place at the local level – in 2024, 53.9% of rural residents were already concentrated in district centers (in 1989 – 42.2%). The limited scale of the republican labor market, due to small socio-economic potential of Kalmykia; difficult life conditions and economic activity of the population, determine the stability of the migration outflow, which will most likely maintain the republic in the position of the southern Russian region with the highest rates of general depopulation until 2040–2045.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».