An Evaluation of the Industrial Research Assistance Program
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Notice bibliographique
Résumé
The Industrial Research Assistance Program (IRAP) supports R&D performed by small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), financially assists not-for-profit organizations that provide innovation services to SMEs, and participates in the Youth Employment and Skills Strategy. IRAP funding is approximately $400 million for the 2024-25 fiscal year. About 90 percent of the funding supports R&D performed by SMEs, which is the focus of this paper. IRAP support for R&D consists of non-repayable contributions and the provision of advice by industrial technology advisors (ITAs). Financial support for R&D is generous: over the seven years ending in 2022-23, excluding the pandemic year, financial assistance averaged almost 37 percent of approved project costs. Almost all firms receiving IRAP assistance also benefit from federal and provincial tax incentives for R&D, bringing the total subsidy to almost 64 percent of project costs. IRAP provides financial support for numerous small projects, each of which requires a separate contribution agreement. In addition, IRAP provides intensive non-financial support in the form of technical and business advice to many firms. This approach results in high program delivery costs: in recent years operating costs amounted to 17.5 percent of financial assistance provided. Excluding advice provided by ITAs, which is another form of financial assistance to firms, the operating cost ratio was 15.5 per cent. In contrast, the operating cost ratio of the Strategic Innovation Fund, which supports large projects and offers a much lower level of client services, is around 2 percent. IRAP documentation states that the ultimate objective of supporting R&D is wealth creation in Canada. The two most recent evaluations of IRAP (National Research Council of Canada 2017, National Research Council 2022) assess this objective using benefit-cost analysis, concluding that the program provides a net benefit to Canada. However, this analysis compares the private benefit (profits) of client firms with the fiscal cost of the subsidy. It does not measure the net social benefit of the program. An analysis of the social costs and benefits demonstrates that IRAP is not fulfilling its mandate. Analysed as a separate program IRAP fails a benefit-cost test because of a high subsidy rate and high operating costs. However, IRAP subsidies are essentially a top-up for selected firms receiving the SR&ED tax credit, which also fails a benefit-cost test. Instead of excessively subsidizing R&D, IRAP funding would be more effectively deployed as repayable assistance for commercialization and scaleup in Canada.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,081 | 0,152 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,002 | 0,023 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Science ouverte | 0,008 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découle