Notice bibliographique
Résumé
The rampant rise of violent extremist incidents across the globe poses an urgent threat to humanity requiring an immediate action. Vulnerabilities within diverse communities can serve as a critical fault line that can potentially foster extremist tendencies. This paper focuses on examining this pressing issue with specific reference to Pakistan. The study argues that although external factors contribute significantly, internal factors too, hold paramount importance in confronting the challenge of violent extremism. The paper addresses the issue of violent extremism in Pakistan, emphasizing the importance of building community resilience. The study aims to inform and shape state’s policies and strategies in the context of P/CVE. It sheds light on various forms of violent extremism, i.e., acts of terrorism, religious violence, gender-based violence, violent protests, riots, and hate crimes, demanding a comprehensive understanding. The literature review underscores various factors influencing community resilience, highlighting the significance of a multi-stakeholder approach. The paper highlights the need for an active role of academic institutions, think tanks, and NGOs in P/CVE. Structured across chapters, this paper analyses the issue of violent extremism in Pakistan and suggest soft approaches to tackle this issue. By charting a comprehensive path forward, it aims to contribute to a more secure and resilient Pakistan. References Ahmad, I. (2023, July 12). Punjab police registered 10,365 cases of violence against women in 4 months: SSDO. The Nation. https://www.nation.com.pk/12-Jul-2023/punjab-police-registered-10-365-cases-of-violence-against-women-in-4-months-ssdo Babakhel, M. A. (2023, March 18). Two Approaches. DAWN.COM. https://www.dawn.com/news/1742789 Dal Farra, S., & De Riz, L. (2017, December 19). Building Resilience Against Violent Extremism. Retrieved from https://www.salto-youth.net/downloads/toolbox_tool_download-file-1773/Booklet%20BRAVE.pdf DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK FOR COUNTERING TERRORISM AND TARGETED VIOLENCE. (2019, September). US Department of Homeland Security. https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/19_0920_plcy_strategic-framework-countering-terrorism-targeted-violence.pdf Ghosh, R., Chan, W. Y. A., Manuel, A., & Dilimulati, M. (2017, May 4). Can Education Counter Violent Religious Extremism? Canadian Foreign Policy Journal, 23(2), 117–133. https://doi.org/10.1080/11926422.2016.1165713 Gul, A. (2023, September 30). Report: Surge in terrorism kills more than 700 Pakistanis. Voice of America. https://www.voanews.com/a/report-surge-in-terrorism-kills-more-than-700-pakistanis/7291609.html Hummel, K. (2023, May 23). The Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan After the Taliban’s Afghanistan Takeover. Combating Terrorism Center at West Point. https://ctc.westpoint.edu/the-tehrik-i-taliban-pakistan-after-the-talibans-afghanistan-takeover/ Iqbal, K. (2021). Pakistan’s Non-Kinetic Responses to Violent Extremism. Strategic Thought, 3, 147–161. https://doi.org/https://www.strategicthought.ndu.edu.pk/site/article/view/31 Khan, S. (2022, October 10). Pakistan: Activists Sound Alarm over Hate Crimes – DW. Dw.Com. https://www.dw.com/en/pakistan-activists-sound-alarm-over-hate-crimes-blasphemy-claims/a-63396489 Kumar, A. (2011). The Terror Challenge in South Asia and Prospect of Regional Cooperation. Institute for Defence Studies Studies & Analysis, New Delhi, 1–144. https://doi.org/https://www.idsa.in/system/files/book/Book_TerrorChallengesSouthAsia.pdf Nafees, M. (2022, January). Blasphemy Cases in Pakistan: 1947 – 2021. Center for Research and Security Studies (CRSS). https://crss.pk/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Blasphemy-Report-.pdf Pakistan. (n.d.). United States Department of State. Retrieved December 14, 2023, from https://www.state.gov/reports/country-reports-on-terrorism-2019/pakistan/ ‘Administration Report’, 2022. https://nacta.gov.pk/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/Administration-Report-2022.pdf. ‘Aarhus Model: Prevention of Radicalisation and Discrimination in Aarhus’. Accessed 27 October 2023. https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/radicalisation-awareness-network-ran/collection-inspiring-practices/ran-practices/aarhus-model-prevention-radicalisation-and-discrimination-aarhus_en. ‘Four Pakistani Police Killed in Violence at Far-Right TLP Protest’, 27 October 2021. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/10/27/pakistani-police-killed-at-tlp-protest. ‘Good Practices on Community Engagement and Community-Oriented Policing as Tools to Counter Violent Extremism’. Global Counter Terrorism Forum, n.d. https://www.thegctf.org/documents/10162/159885/13Aug09_EN_Good+Practices+on+Community+Engagement+and+Community-Oriented+Policing.pdf. ‘Outreach Branch – NACTA – National Counter Terrorism Authority NACTA Pakistan’, n.d. https://nacta.gov.pk/outreach-branch/. Rae, J. A. (2012, September 22). Will It Ever Be Possible to Profile the Terrorist? doi:10.15664/jtr.380. ‘Report: Surge in Terrorism Kills More Than 700 Pakistanis’, 30 September 2023. https://www.voanews.com/a/report-surge-in-terrorism-kills-more-than-700-pakistanis/7291609.html. Taylor, E. (Lily), Taylor, P. C., Karnovsky, S., Aly, A., & Taylor, N. (2017, April 3). “Beyond Bali”: A Transformative Education Approach for Developing Community Resilience to Violent Extremism. Asia Pacific Journal of Education, 37(2), 193–204. doi:10.1080/02188791.2016.1240661 United States Institute of Peace. ‘The Current Situation in Pakistan’, 23 January 2023. https://www.usip.org/publications/2023/01/current-situation-pakistan. UNESCO. We Need to Talk: Measuring Intercultural Dialogue for Peace and Inclusion. Vol. 4. Institute for Economics and Peace, 2022. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000382874. ‘UNICRI :: United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute’. Accessed 8 October 2023. https://unicri.it/news/role-social-media-mali-and-its-relation-violent-extremism-youth-perspective. ‘UNITED KINGDOM NATIONAL SUBMISSION: BEST PRACTICE AND LESSONS LEARNED ON HOW PROTECTING AND PROMOTING HUMAN RIGHTS CONTRIBUTES TO PREVENTING AND COUNTERING VIOLENT EXTREMISM’, May 2016. https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/Documents/Issues/RuleOfLaw/PCVE/UK.pdf. ‘President of Pakistan, Dr. Arif Alvi, Graced National VCs Peace Conference as the Chief Guest. – NACTA – National Counter Terrorism Authority NACTA Pakistan’, n.d. https://nacta.gov.pk/national-vcs-peace-conference/. ‘Youth Empowerment for Peace and Resilience Building and Prevention of Violent Extremism in Sahel and Surrounding Countries: A Guide for Teachers’. UNESCO, 2019. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000371537.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,007 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,003 | 0,002 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».