Feasibility and Efficiency of Dry and Wet In-Situ Combustion in Low-Viscosity Oil Reservoirs
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract In-situ combustion (ISC) is a complex thermal enhanced oil recovery (EOR) method traditionally applied to heavy and extra-heavy oil reservoirs. Its application to low-viscosity oil reservoirs presents challenges due to the higher ignition temperature requirements, resulting from the stable molecular content of such oils, and the lack of heavy fractions, such as asphaltenes and resins, which serve as fuel for sustaining combustion fronts. This study investigates low-viscosity oil combustion mechanisms and examines the interactions between reservoir rock, brine, and crude oil in sustaining combustion fronts during dry and wet ISC processes. The experiments utilized a 1-meter-long insulated stainless steel combustion tube packed with a mixture of reservoir rock, formation brine, and low-viscosity crude oil at a 1:1 liquid pore volume ratio. Combustion was initiated by injecting compressed air into the preheated tube. Dry ISC experiments involved air injection alone, while wet ISC co-injected air with distilled water at specific water-to-air ratios (WAR). The tested reservoir rocks included quartz-rich Canadian sand (Sample 1), U.S. reservoir rock 1 (Sample 2), and U.S. reservoir rock 2 (Sample 3). Post-experiment analyses were performed using Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) to evaluate elemental composition and mineral transformations. The water produced was analyzed for pH and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS). Results emphasize the crucial role of reservoir rock reactivity and brine ionic strength in sustaining combustion fronts in low-viscosity oil reservoirs. Dry ISC led to less stable fronts, with peak temperatures ranging from 550 to 600°C, whereas wet ISC exhibited superior performance, achieving stable combustion fronts, higher combustion velocities, and lower peak temperatures. Produced water analyses indicated a salinity reduction from 120,000 ppm to as low as 30 ppm, supporting its feasibility for re-injection. Additionally, wet ISC resulted in cleaner reservoir rocks with minimal carbon residues, underscoring its advantages in efficiency, stability, and operational feasibility over dry ISC for low-viscosity oil recovery. This study provides a novel approach to ISC in low-viscosity oil reservoirs, demonstrating that despite the high ignition temperature requirement, reservoir rock and brine interactions play a key role in sustaining combustion. Unlike conventional ISC studies that focus on heavy oil, this research highlights how wet ISC can significantly enhance combustion stability and efficiency in low-viscosity oils, where conventional fuel sources (asphaltenes and resins) are insufficient. Furthermore, the study introduces the re-injection of treated produced water as a sustainable method to improve ISC efficiency, minimize environmental impact, and reduce operational costs. These findings offer new insights into optimizing ISC for low-viscosity oil reservoirs, making it a more viable and eco-friendly thermal EOR technique.
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Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».