COVID-19 in Space: Possible Health Risks and Preparedness Guidelines
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic of 2020 resulted in over 705 million infections and more than 7 million deaths worldwide. The virus primarily spreads through aerosol droplets released during breathing, coughing, or sneezing, leading to symptoms ranging from mild fever and cough to severe outcomes, including death. Given the high risk associated with COVID-19, understanding its behaviour in diverse geographical and environmental conditions is critical. Space exploration and tourism represent an emerging industry, projected to reach a market value of $1.8 trillion. With numerous space missions planned by space agencies such as NASA, SpaceX, and ISRO, it is vital to address potential health risks for astronauts and space tourists. Objective With the expansion of human exploration into space, there is an urgent need to assess the risks posed by COVID-19 in extraterrestrial environments. This study reviews existing literature on airborne infections in space, identifies key knowledge gaps, and enhances preparedness for potential COVID-19 outbreaks during space missions. Methods A systematic literature review was conducted to identify studies examining airborne infectious diseases in space and their health effects under microgravity. Databases searched included PubMed and NASA’s Open Data Portal. To compare these findings with Earth-based data, additional systematic reviews were performed to analyze the known effects of these diseases on Earth, using Pathogen Safety Data Sheets. A separate systematic review was conducted using PubMed to explore similarities between COVID-19 and the selected airborne infectious diseases. Using a comparative approach, disease effects observed on Earth and in space were analyzed to predict COVID-19’s potential behavior in microgravity. Existing guidelines for managing airborne diseases in space and on Earth were reviewed and compared to develop a set of preparedness recommendations for COVID-19 in space. Results The airborne infectious diseases occurring in space found in this study include Aspergillus fumigatus, Beauveria bassiana , Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae infections , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Roseolovirus (Human Herpesvirus 6 & 7), Salmonella Typhimurium infection , Serratia marcescens infection , Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis , and Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV). The relationship between the aforementioned diseases and COVID-19 was used in regard to theorizing the effects of COVID-19 in space. Six Tentative effects of COVID-19 in a microgravity environment could be theorized in this study. Along with that, recommendations to improve the current space travel health guidelines have also been referred to. Conclusion The results of this study will change the course of human space exploration by assisting in the protection of space travelers and guiding the development of new designs for spacecraft that include extra safety features.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,032 | 0,123 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,002 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,003 | 0,008 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,008 | 0,004 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,002 | 0,003 |
| Communication savante | 0,005 | 0,007 |
| Science ouverte | 0,006 | 0,005 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,011 | 0,007 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,013 | 0,005 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».